Causal Determinsim - 1448 Words

Causal determinism is the concept that preceding causes give rise to everything which exists such that reality could be nothing but what it is. Science depends on this idea as it aims to find generalisations about the conjunction of certain causes and effects and thus hold some power of prediction about their future co-occurrence. However, in human interaction people assume each other to be responsible for their acts and not merely at the whim of causal laws. So the question which troubles philosophers is whether causation dictates entirely the course of human action or whether we as agents possess some free will. I will argue that free will is an inescapable illusion of the mind, something which never did nor ever could exist under†¦show more content†¦Disregarding its impossibility, a society without reactive attitudes would not be a desirable one as these attitudes serve a socially beneficial purpose. (Fischer. 2005. pp. 37-57) I believe that the same principle applies t o free will. The chemical, social and biological factors which spur our actions are rarely obvious to us and the notion of free will provides us with a satisfying explanation for the actions they produce in us. Taylor judges the different beliefs about the existence of free will against his introspective observations. He feels that he deliberates - an activity which would only be possible if choices concerning his future acts were ‘up to’ him. Additionally he believes that some acts are up to him, whether he deliberates on them or not. However, free action, the ability to act without impediment or compulsion, is not the same as free will. An individual could be free to act yet her actions could still be entirely causally necessitated. Additionally, if an agent’s future actions were predetermined, she could never choose them herself so deliberation would be futile. Simple indeterminism does not offer any more viable explanation for Taylor’s convictions because if people’s actions were totally uncaused, they would hold no control over them. No agent could will her hand to move for she would have no effect on the action of that hand. Thus both determinism an d its opposite are inconsistent with Taylor’s preliminary

Children Of Ancient Chin Children And Age - 1139 Words

Daniela Arias January 27, 2016 Period 7 Children in Ancient China Children in Ancient China had different expectations laid out for them, mostly dependent on gender and age. One of the most important values instilled in children was respect. Children were expected to respect authority figures above all, but also to respect those in their immediate family. Religion and philosophies in Ancient China played a major role in what was expected of Chinese children. Expectations also varied depending on the child’s social status. Confucianism in particular is acknowledged as the major influence in the daily lives of Chinese people, but especially children. One of the most important aspects of a child’s life in any setting is their ability to†¦show more content†¦One of the many developments of this time was the establishment of public schools in order to carefully instruct boys for the civil service. Early education played a major role in preparing children to eventually serve for the state. Additionally, it was necessary to ensure their loyalty to the state as early as possible as a means of strengthening the empire. Around 74 BCE the role of women started to come into question. However, educated women were thought as a threat to the stability of the dynasty. This was met with increased pressure on girls to assume traditional societal roles. Education for women differed in terms of the general purpose. Men were urged to pursue a rigorous education and expected to eventually rise to important governmental positions or to join the military, but education for women was not as focused and did not have such an endgoal. However, some were beginning to question why women were not given the same opportunities. It was becoming clear that women could not be ignored- Ban Chao was a general of the Eastern Han dynasty (32 AD-102 AD). He is quoted as saying: â€Å"Yet†© only†© to†© teach†© men†© and†© not†© to†© teach†© women†© —†© is†© this†© not†© ignoring†© the†© reciprocal†© relation†© between †©them?†© According†© to†© the†© Rites, †©book-†©learning †©begins †©at†© the

The Arizona Constitution Essay - 1221 Words

Arizona Constitution Arizona gain statehood on February 14, 1912 as the forty-eighth state in the union. There were several events that led Arizona to statehood. President William Taft vetoed the first document for Arizona to become a state because he did not believe that citizens should use recall to remove judges from office (SU, 2008). This essay will give a detail timeline of the events leading up to Arizona becoming a state and the adoption of the Arizona Constitution. Also, included in this essay is a brief history of the events that influence Arizona Declaration of Rights. 1756 1756-1763: War between the French and Indian( Seven Years War) 1776 A Spanish fort built in Tucson 1775-1783 The United States was created by the†¦show more content†¦Puerto Rico, Guam and Philippines was annexed to the United States 1910 The first writing of the Arizona Constitution. Vetoed by President William Taft 1912 Arizona was the forty-eighth state to be admitted to the union, February 14, 1912. The Constitution was rewritten and signed by President Taft (Arizona History Timeline, 2003). Because of the principles of direct democracy, the Arizona’s Constitution was created. With direct democracy citizens were responsible for governing themselves, not the elected representatives. America’s founders felt that direct democracy was impractical and unwise when they wrote the United Constitution in 1787. Although, the Progressive movement believed the government was no good and the only way to restore a fair government was to give power to the citizens. They struggle for the adoption of the initiative, citizens did not have to get permission from officials establish their own statues and constitutional measures; they needed 15% vote to get on ballot. Adoption of referendum, citizens could reject statues and constitutional measures adopted by official; they needed majority vote by Legislature to get on ballot, with the adoption of recall, official could be removed from office before the end of their term; they needed 25% to call a recall election. Finally, at t he peak of the Progressive Movement Arizona became a state. The reasons theShow MoreRelatedArizona Constitution988 Words   |  4 PagesRunning Head: ARIZONA CONSTITUTION The Implications of the Arizona Constitution Name: Institution: Tutor: Category: Date: The American constitution plays a crucial role in delegating of laws in the country and it governs all citizens. On the other hand, a state’s constitution serves a similar purpose but only under the state’s jurisdiction. This constitution is the basis for other state laws including those of other sections of the state government. 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Employee Empowerment Samples for Students †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Employee Empowerment. Answer: The success of any company requires the engagement of its employees in decision making and coming up with ideas. This can be achieved through employees empowerment. As explained by Axero (2017) employee empowerment is the amount of confidence and comfort that an employee has in regards to his or her ability to contribute to the organization. Indicators of lack of empowerment; One of the significant indicators of lack of employee empowerment is employees working by themselves. While there is nothing wrong with the employees working by themselves, the employees may lose trust in the firm and feel neglected (Axero, 2017). They may, therefore, see no need to involve in teamwork and start handling duties in isolation. Teamwork is essential to an enterprise, and if this is lost, it can lead to organization failure. Another indicator is the failure of the employees to embrace communication. If the employees stop communicating their ideas and contributing towards the significant issues affecting the organization, then it would be unhealthy for organization's development. The employees may also be unable to speak about the problems they face in the organization and instead opt to resign from their jobs leading to high turnover rate. The slowdown of the flow of new ideas in the firm is also an indicator of lack of employee empowerment. Organizations are faced with complicated issues that may be strategic or operational. These issues need the active involvement of all the employees to solve. Therefore, going by the findings of Axero (2017), creative ideas from the employees must be obtained to keep the organization moving. If the employees stop contributing their ideas to the firm, then the firm may be unable to gain new solutions to complicated problems facing the organization leading to low employee retention. While finding solutions to the above complex problems may be difficult, there is only one way through which an organization can solve them. This is through social empowerment. Enhancing employee empowerment Employee empowerment is what happens when the workers and colleagues start to work together in a group. This can be achieved through fostering an accurate social working tool (Axero, 2017). A social intranet software is a combination of tools that allow workers to share ideas, share documents and contribute to the company's knowledge-base. The employees simply log into the intranet and retrieve or post a useful concept to the organization regardless of where they are located. Social intranet software enhances social empowerment in the following ways: Putting the resources needed by the employees at a central place- As proposed by GanjiNia, Gilaninia, Sharami (2013), this can be done by having a central file sharing location, proper scheduling of activities and developing a smooth chain of transmitting ideas. This makes it easy for the employees retrieve any information they may need at the right time Easy organization and retrieval of information- The ability to organize and retrieve information quickly motivates the employees (GanjiNia, Gilaninia, Sharami, 2013). For instance, they can easily obtain files and tag information for audit purposes. It also helps to avoid confusion and misplacement of information. More accountability and less pressure- A virtual social community in an organization is ideal for employees since it reduces pressure and anxiety to speak up especially in difficult situations in a real group setting in the organization (GanjiNia, Gilaninia, Sharami, 2013). Accountability is achieved using this tool as the employees who post ideas through the intranet are made responsible for the information they post. Benefits of Social Empowerment Social empowerment is the use of social intranet software tools that allow employees to communicate with each other, share documents and contribute to organization's knowledge-base. It is essential to organizations due to; Reduced costs: When employees collaborate towards a project, they spend little time compared to working separately. This reduces the amount of money spent over time (Axero, 2017). Improved customer service: Socially empowered employees can utilize collaboration tools to provide quality customer services to clients and customers. They can also use the tool to receive customer feedback about their services, making them able to implement proper strategies to improve the quality of their services. Enhance more productive and happier staff: When the workers don't feel empowered, they always tend to be unhappy and unsatisfied with the work environment (Axero, 2017). However, this can be fixed through fostering accurate empowerment strategies in the firm, to make the workers more satisfied. A happy worker tends to be productive thus may contribute to the success of the firm. Better ideas and solutions: Social empowerment through collaboration software enables employees to interact by working with one another regardless of their location hence bring more useful ideas and solutions to elevate the business. Faster Onboarding: Social intranet contains may contain an entire knowledge base of information to learn from. This can help in fastening onboarding process because it is difficult to get new employees to an organization. How managers can maintain an empowered employees environment. Delegating team leaders- The managers should delegate team leaders to head different teams in the firm (Axero, 2017). The team leaders should be well-versed with the duties of the respective teams. The managers should also ensure that the team leaders are competent enough and able to use the social intranet software tool for leading the team. This will ensure close monitoring of employee performance, faster identification of employee problems and enhance active teamwork in the organization. Clarification of goals from the beginning- Inability of employees to meet set deadlines is one of the problems associated with lack of employee empowerment (Axero, 2017). However, if the managers and the team leaders take their time to clarify the objectives of the firm to the employees, then this would make them aware of such goals and strategize in time to satisfy them. The managers can clarify goals to the employees using flowcharts, timelines, visual diagrams and written work schedules. Set permissions- The intranet has different control systems in an organization. Therefore, various departments have different accessibility rights while some employees have limited rights. For a manager to fully achieve employee empowerment, then it should permit different departments to access the system and post their ideas, feelings, and issues affecting them as a department (Axero, 2017). Keeping teams updated- Information is a critical determinant of organization's success. The employees should, therefore, be kept updated with different aspects of the organization. These may include, the status of a project, the benefits and any huddles being experienced. The workers should also be congratulated for their achievements. Maintaining a one-on-one communication with employees- Maintaining good contact with employees keeps them updated and motivated to work. For example, the managers and team leaders should constantly make phone calls with the employees and ask them about the status of the projects, their complaints and the personal problems they are facing (Axero, 2017). This keeps them motivated to work. In a nutshell, In a nutshell, employee empowerment is a critical aspect of every organization. Lack of employee empowerment may lead to high rate of employee turnover. However, the managers may maintain an empowered employee environment by keeping employees informed, setting spaces for sharing ideas, clarifying goals, maintaining qualified team leaders and involving in personal communication with employees to address the issues facing the firm. What to include in the poser point Introduction The success of any company requires the engagement of its employees in decision making and coming up with ideas. This can be achieved through employees empowerment which is the amount of confidence and comfort that an employee has in regards to his or her ability to contribute to the organization. Indicators of lack of empowerment; Employees always work by themselves because they feel isolated from the rest. Failure by the employees to embrace communication The slowdown of the flow of new ideas in the organization Enhancing employee empowerment in an organization. Putting the resources needed by the employees at a central place. Easy organization and retrieval of information. More accountability and less pressure. Benefits of Social Empowerment Reduced costs. Improved customer service. Enhance more productive and happier staff. Better ideas and solutions. Faster Onboarding. How managers can maintain an empowered employees environment. Give real time updates to the employees on new or changed ambitions in the organization. Setting permissions and delegate to specific employees from various departments can enter into other's spaces to share ideas and post documents. Clarification of goals from the beginning makes customers accountable for their work hence getting things done accurately and timely. Delegating team leaders for teams who are well-versed in the organization's vision. Making personal phone calls to employees when there is a problem that needs to be addressed immediately especially if a team strays from the set goals. Conclusion In a nutshell, employee empowerment is a critical aspect of every organization. Lack of employee empowerment may lead to high rate of employee turnover. However, the managers may maintain an empowered employee environment by keeping employees informed, setting spaces for sharing ideas, clarifying goals, maintaining qualified team leaders and involving in personal communication with employees to address the issues facing the firm. References Axero. (2017). Employee Empowerment, Leveraging Passion Untapped Talent. Retrieved March 21, 2018, from Axero Official Web Site: https://axerosolutions.com/blogs/timeisenhauer/pulse/216/employee-empowerment-leveraging-passion-untapped-talent GanjiNia, H., Gilaninia, S., Sharami, R. P. (2013). Overview of Employees Empowerment in Organizations. Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review, 3(2), 38-43. Retrieved March 21, 2018, from https://www.arabianjbmr.com/pdfs/OM_VOL_3_(2)/4.pdf