Wednesday, July 31, 2019

In The Heat Of The Night Essay

Choose a character from To Kill a Mockingbird, to write about. Here are some suggestions: *Scout Finch *Boo Radley *Atticus Finch *Jem Finch *Tom Robinson *Mayella Ewell *Dill Harris **Note†¦. All examples from In the Heat of the Night. Step 1 – Pre-Writing/Outline Brainstorm for several character traits, using the sheet(s) provided. Then, try to narrow down your search to THREE good traits. How do you pick the best three? Ask yourself the following questions: **Do the traits explain the character’s round personality overall? **Do the traits show the character’s dynamic personality (how they were at the beginning versus the end, for example)? In your outline, explain, reference, and analyze each of the traits from your brainstorming. You must use direct references from the text (quotations). Step 2 – Thesis Paragraph Grab the reader’s attention with a solid opening: †¢Ask a question †¢Use a good historical or literary quote †¢Make a bold statement Discuss what the story is about and give a bit of the plot. Introduces the character (write as if the reader has not read the novel): †¢Position in the story †¢Related to whom or friends with whom or enemy of whom †¢Protagonist/antagonist †¢Importance/significance Include a thesis statement which states the 3 traits you chose for you character. Albert Einstein once said, â€Å"You have to learn the rules of the game. And then you have to play better than anyone else.† Virgil Tibbs, the protagonist in the novel, In the Heat of the Night, by John Ball, must learn the rules of a small town in order to be heard and survive. The plot of In the Heat of the Night revolves around the murder of a well-known maestro in a small southern town, and also includes the many underlying human conflicts between the two main characters. Tibbs, a black investigator from California, and his relationship with the small town’s residents, including Sherriff Bill Gillespie and police office Sam Wood, create a subplot that becomes essential to the development of the story. The clash of ethnicity, personality and method of investigation becomes the essence of the story and creates an intense level of interest that compels the reader from beginning to end. It is through this intensity that Tibbs’s personality as a determined, intel ligent, and compassionate person shines through. Step 3 – Body Paragraphs For EACH Body Paragraph, you are going to carefully describe how each trait suits the character. Be aware that the order of the traits is critical. All of your traits should be strong, but you want to end your essay with the strongest. In addition, you may find that your traits seem to follow the  story chronologically. If so, then, you want to discuss the traits chronologically. Each body paragraph should looks like a SERAERAC paragraph. That means you will have two reasons to support each trait. S – States the character trait. E – Explains the character trait and how it relates to the character. R – Explicit reference supporting your explanation effectively integrated. A – Analysis of how the reference supports your statement. T – Transition E – â€Å"† R – â€Å"† A – â€Å"† C – Profound statement and/or transition to next body paragraph. Don’t forget to introduce new characters. Don’t just mention a character and expect the reader to know who you are talking about. Don’t forget to use good transitional devices at the beginning of the paragraph AND within the paragraph. Use the sheet provided to help you with this. Use a good transitional word or phrase to begin the subsequent paragraphs (body paragraphs 2, 3). From the moment Virgil Tibbs sets foot on soil of Wells, South Carolina, he shows his determined personality. After Bill Gillespie discovers the murder of Maestro Mantoli, he happens to stumble across Tibbs who is sitting at a train station waiting to catch a train and return home to California. At this point, both Sam Wood and the reader are unaware of Tibbs’s occupation as a police investigator. All we know is he is a â€Å"negro† and completely out of place in the predominantly white, racist town of Wells. But that does not stop him from being determined to prove his innocence to Gillespie back at the police department: â€Å"Where did you get all this dough?† [Gillespie] demanded, and rose just enough from the seat of his chair so that the prisoner could see his size. â€Å"I earned it,† [Tibbs] replied. â€Å"And what do you do in Pasadena, California, that makes you money like that?† The prisoner took the barest moment before he replied. â€Å"I’m a police officer,† he said. (19) In this particular scene, Tibbs does not show Gillespie or Sam any insincerity. He cuts right to the chase. A little later in the novel, he shows just how determined he is when he is resolved to find out who killed Maestro Mantoli. When Harvey Oberst, a 19-year-old man initially jailed for the murder because an officer found him with Mantoli’s wallet, is brought in, Tibbs is determined to convince Gillespie he has the wrong man because he analyzed the murder scene in detail and can decisively draw a conclusion: â€Å"How much more do you want?† Gillespie asked, his voice somewhat closer to a normal level for a change. â€Å"It eliminates the superficial motive,† Tibbs replied, â€Å"it means digging a little deeper. I expected it, but it is an advantage to see it confirmed.† â€Å"†¦Don’t tell me you bought [Oberst’s] story. I thought you were supposed to be a hotshot cop†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"He’s innocent of the murder†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . (34) Unlike the officers around him, Tibbs digs deep to find the true meaning. Even when Tibbs is scrutinized by men like Gillespie, he refuses to back down, showing the importance of having a determined personality. Step 4 – Concluding Paragraph Sum up your ideas and say something poignant! Explain how the character traits benefitted or hindered the character (or both). Ultimately, how did the trait impact the character? Explain how the traits make the character admirable or detestable. Should we strive to be like him/her? Double space your work. Use 12 point, Times New Roman. Indent each paragraph. Do not leave an extra space between paragraphs. Have someone edit your work.

Soldier X

Jacob Fair Mrs. Hazen English 3 2 December 2011 â€Å"Soldier X† Book Report The book I read is Soldier X by Don Wulffson. The book is set in Germany and Russia during World War II. The story is told in first person from the point of view of Erik Brandt. The main character, Erik Brandt, is the protagonist and there isn’t an antagonist because the book is about Erik’s journey during World War II. The conflict throughout the book is Erik vs. society as an external conflict. I believe the conflict is resolved when Erik and Tamara are injured by allied soldiers.I think this because Erik and Tamara were both injured and put in a hospital together outside the war. They are able to make up and run away to America and start a new life there together. I think one theme that was expressed in this book was that most success in life depends on keeping your mind open to opportunity and seizing it when it happens. I think this is one theme of the book because Erik takes advant age of several Situations throughout the book. During the beginning of the book he states that since he can speak fluent Russian he is able to interrogate prisoners of war, which allows him to spend less time on the battlefield.He also takes advantage of his situation when he is wounded on the battlefield and knows he will be killed if he is found, so he takes a dead Russian soldier’s uniform and puts it on. Then when he is found they will send him to the hospital because they will think he’s a Russian soldier. Toward the end of the book Erik and Tamara take advantage of the fact that they’re injured, from the fire fight they got caught in the middle of, and they are able to escape to America because of it.Yes, I would recommend this book because it’s an exciting action book but also because it shows how Nazi soldiers were brain-washed into their way of thinking but that they didn’t always agree with what they were fighting for and if it was their own decision they might choose to leave. I liked this book very much because it’s good if you look at it from an action stand point and an educational stand point as well. I would recommend this book for male teens and adults because I think teens would be interested in it for the action but adults would be more interested in the history part of it.

Tuesday, July 30, 2019

Juvenile Delinquency related to drugs and alcohol Essay

To tackle this topical issue, it is fairly relevant to first of all define some key terminology employed in contextual jargon as regards the question at hand. At the fore, a juvenile can be said to be a minor of such age as may be stipulated by a particular state, usually below the age of sixteen (16) or seventeen (17) years, who may be in the frame of mind to willfully conceive criminal intent whilst perpetrating a crime, be it in the form of a robbery, murder or assorted other criminal acts. Along the same line, ‘juvenile crime’ denotes several offences committed by the said minors (less than 18 years), infamously referred to as juvenile delinquency, and may include acts which would be considered ‘crimes’ if committed by adults, and misbehavior like disobedience to parents and authorities or even instances of truancy. As may be warranted by prevailing circumstance, such youthful offenders may be put to trial as either full-blown adults or simply in a capacity as juveniles, as influenced by a variety of factors, inclusive of the severity of the crime in question. For the more weighty crimes, the juvenile offender may be tried in either a juvenile or adult court, then subsequently incarcerated among the adults or juveniles, as the presiding judge may deem fit. More serious criminal offences may even spell out prison sentences for the ‘minor’ (Stafford, 1991). However, the root causes of juvenile delinquency remain a baffling mystery, as clear-cut reasons are yet to be outlined for the same. However, it is clear that the major causes of delinquency are the use of alcohol and abuse of drugs and substances. Some theorists pen a myriad of intervention mechanisms to aid in arresting this situation before it grows into being the downfall of youths the world over. In this reaction paper, I endeavor to handle each of these issues, one at a time (Shaw, 1942).). Drug trafficking has become the major source of violence in the country with rival gangs engaging in extreme violence that sometimes leads to fatality. Drug abusers sometimes results to crime in order to acquire money to satisfy their addictions since drugs are expensive. Furthermore, drugs alienate one from reality and leads to aggressive behavior which results to violence or misdemeanor. A lot of attention has been given in this area and extensive findings exist. However, it is clear that there is room for more to be done since this existing literature has not resulted to a dramatic decrease from behavior that is considered wrong in society. Furthermore, there seems to be little or inadequate research on the effect of to younger siblings if their older counterparts are abusers of alcohol and drugs (Kuntsche et al, 2009). Causal Relationships Diverse theories have been put forth as relates to the chief reasons why there is the onset of juvenile tendencies in the first place, and why this eventually metamorphosis’s into criminality in the long run. Among those advanced include schools of thought which are modeled around historical and modern – day scenarios. These theoretical traditions range from deliberations on; Theories: –   Early theories – these peg the juvenile tendencies to the forces of nature, for example, spiritual beings and even demons. Key aspects in this arena include deliberations on naturalism (the science relating human affairs and eventual behavior to interactions with the forces of nature) and spiritualism, whereby deviance and criminal tendencies can be pegged to influences of nature, and the perpetrator’s inappropriate connection with supernatural powers that be. In this theory, offenses were considered to be against nature itself – The Classical theory, which goes on to rationalize personal choice, brings to focus the issue of humanitarianism. Theorists here are of the stance that proven perpetrators ought to be held personally accountable for their delinquent acts, and that punishment was best administered accordingly. This was based on the premises that humans are by nature reasonably rational, criminality being morally wrong and outlawed in society, and also that the civil society would play its role of disciplining wrong-doers as a form of deterrent mechanism, with such punishment being proportionate to the crime at hand (Loeber, 1989). – Biological theories, which detail the physiological developmental traits of juveniles, in relation to their physical development, mental (under) development, or even hereditary characteristics, and their eventual impact on human behavior. It holds that some people are naturally-inclined toward being deviant, and that it is woven-into their genes, with little or no chance of altering this state of being. The point of note here is that delinquency and its roots are traced to a person’s physical/ physiological predisposition, as opposed mainly to the question of free will. Chief among these are theories dealing with – hereditary issues (heredity), – evolution of man and his characteristics (atavism), as well as, – The development of certain bodily traits that are common amongst people already oriented toward behaving in a particular manner (somatotyping), to name but a few. – Psychological theories – these touch on psychopathic personalities, correlation between dysfunctional and/ or troubled childhoods and the prevalence of the juvenile mannerisms in individuals. These also ascribe deviant behavior to one’s surrounding environment, as may be influenced by chemical interplay in the brain, or an assorted number of reasons. Here, it is necessary to   point out that delinquents may not have a sense of right or wrong as they go about their deviant actions, and that not only can’t they control themselves, but also, their personalities border being christened ‘abnormal’, and the root of such can be re-traced back to their age as little children. These include; Psychopathology, which relates one’s lack of a viable conscience to deviant mannerisms and also, the dys-functioning of given personalities, conditioning, which details the response to stimulating factors prevalent in the environment, and Psychoanalysis, dealing with incomplete development of one’s personality. – Sociological theories – serve to link deviance to societal interactions and also the already existing caste structures, not to mention the inherent disparities in existence between the level of achieving goals and objectives and actually being in a position to go about the same. These include; – Differential Association theory, which deals with ways in which we as humans have the tendency of picking up all manner of behavior from those around us. It further posits that delinquency is an acquired behavior that is adopted from lifestyles of varying criminals. – The Structural/ Social Ecology theory, as pertains to structural conditions in a given area that may play a pivotal role in shaping the mental framework of individuals inhabiting that area. These include; overcrowding, unemployment, poor housing, poverty, sub-standard sanitation, and last but not least, illegitimate births. – Strain and anomie theory; anomie details the aspect of lack of norms in society, especially in instances where there may be experienced some upheavals like wars and the like. When this materializes, the traditional customs and regulations are no longer abided by. Conversely, Strain refers to a situation whereby there already exists a standard set of acceptable goals and means of achieving the same. The inherent problem however, is that not all members of society have the necessary resources to go about meeting this end, thus, a scenario of need is created with some members literally straining to make ends meet, as it were. Thus, lack of opportunity and inequality can be zoned off as the major bones of contention here. – Critical theory – has a lot to do with forces of subjugation in society, and also the capitalistic nature of shrewd individuals. Societal inequities play a major role in molding the character and adaptive mind-state of given persons, more so in the earlier years right after one begins the journey to discover him/ herself.   This is further broken down into; – Radical criminology; this has the general proposition that since the wealth and power in society have been inequitably distributed, then, those less economically – empowered will ultimately seek out alternative modes, mostly of criminal nature, so as to achieve whatever it is they are in (dire) need of. This situation is set to persist until control mechanisms are put in place by society to ensure that all and sundry are catered for as pertains to the same. – Conflict theory; the main assumption is that societal conflicts and tensions are part and parcel of society in general. There thus arises a distinctive classification of peoples, pitting the haves against the have-nots, with the latter being tagged in a relatively negative light. The theory posits that there subsequently arises the need for specialized institutions that can be employed to maintain a certain degree of law and order in society. Thus, in a nutshell, this theory serves to deliberate the economic tensions created, focus being placed on the political and economic systems in existence.

Monday, July 29, 2019

Japanese influence on Van Gogh Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Japanese influence on Van Gogh - Essay Example Personally, Van Gogh has never been to Japan, and all of his understandings of Japan come from his studies of woodblock prints. Today, Van Gogh is most well known for his later works during his stay at the Saint Paul-De-Mausole hospital. The works demonstrated his latest development on formal techniques of the vortexes and thick strokes reflecting his mental illness. He was able to learn the principle of Japanese beauty through the lens of landscape genre of ukiyo-e and apply it to the landscapes of Arles. The encounter of Van Gogh's both Impressionist thoughts, and Japanese prints amid his stay in Paris is obvious in works, for example, Fritillaries in a Copper Vase, in which the convoluted states of the descending pushing yellow petals and their spiky foliage are set off by a dark blue foundation flicked with bits of yellow and spots of lighter blue, with underpinnings of red. The picture appears to battle into being, weighted by a devastating heap of color, maybe the coincidental consequence of van Gogh's determination to make the sheer aggregation of paint the transporter of feeling. It's just as he declined to quit taking a shot at a photo, adding more color to it, until he felt that some sort of visual identicalness for feeling had been accomplished. Van Gogh's comprehension of the traditions of Japanese prints is apparent, as seems to be, maybe, his attention to Japanese materials, however these works of art talk the same amount of to his own pleasure in tight center and close e xamination - or to his yearning for the quieting impact of looking steadily at a piece of turf that he portrays in his letter to Wilhelmina - as they do to his enthusiasm for the disentanglements of Japanese models.

Sunday, July 28, 2019

Employee Reward Systems Presentation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Employee Reward Systems Presentation - Essay Example Many reward systems exist in the workplace, and they may reflect the organization of the staff, or the type of work. For instance, at the University of Virginia's Department of Athletics as well as at the Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology, employees can nominate each other for a particular award. In these cases, efficient teamwork and group leadership are assets that contribute to the award. This type of recognition can be particularly surprising and exciting for workers. Nomination-based reward systems can promote a friendly atmosphere, but unfortunately, this system may become more like a popularity contest. In other companies, such as the State of New Mexico Human Services Department, specific criteria must be fulfilled for the award to be given. These companies are organized differently, and particular tasks can qualify a worker to achieve a higher rank in the company. These reward systems are appreciated by employees that prefer to know exactly what they must do to move ahead in the company. In general, straightforward reward systems are more highly regarded by employees because they promote structure in the workplace and a defined sense of purpose. The actual rewards can be many things, from a monetary bonus or gift certificate, to a hand-written note of recognition and approval from a supervisor.

Saturday, July 27, 2019

To what extent does the British experience differ when compared Essay

To what extent does the British experience differ when compared against the major competitors - Essay Example The cause of the increase in unemployment is still associated with various issues that citizens claim to have resulted from poor decision making in the UK. They include the agreement to join the ERM, international economics, and the Lawson boom. However, the consequences were severely bitter in the intensity of unemployment, let alone deterioration in public finances. According to Mullard, â€Å"between 1990 and 1992 UK unemployment increased from 1.8 million to nearly 3 million, while public finances moved from a positive balance in 1990 to a public sector deficit of  £50 billion in 1993 – an equivalent of 8 per cent of GDP†.The situation occurred when most of the workforce in Britain was concentrated in manufacturing industries, especially in the northern cities where steel, coal, and engineering industries were common. Although the OECD countries accounted for almost 35 million job loss between 1970 and 2000, the UK experience which fluctuated between 2 and 3 milli on job loss exceeded Germany and France who accounted for 1.1 and 1.4 millions respectively; with Yorkshire, East Lancashire, and South Yorkshire holding 10 percent each, of the unemployment rate in 1980s in UK. It is evident that the employers in UK shed more labor to minimize losses that when the calm from recession was returning, the existing labour force was insufficient to run effectively. The average rate of unemployment between 1981 and 85 was 10.5, 5.6, 6.2, 9.0 and 8.3 in UK, Italy, Germany, France and USA respectively (Irvin, 2011, p. 5).The unemployment duration seemed to contribute significantly to the increase in unemployment in

Friday, July 26, 2019

Imaginary Small Business KraftyKidz.com Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Imaginary Small Business KraftyKidz.com - Essay Example Books: there should be a selection of books that appeal specifically to the parents and educators of the target market, so that these interested adults can go to this site and order books about their children. In addition, of course there is also a selection of books to be ordered by and for the kids to read. The Internet reinvents itself every three months, or even faster. Therefore, our strategy for future development is to remain positioned with enough flexibility to adapt new technologies, and adapt to changes quickly. The Krafykidz.com market would be expanding exponentially with the advances of technology in the teaching sectors and the acceptance of technology as a teaching aid. The critical component to our entrance into the market will be approval and support from the school communities - including teachers, the PTA, and special education programs. While we have plans to expand into international territory, our initial launch will target our most important market - the American upper class. We know that most of our clients would drive BMW's and have very good taste - they spend money on their children because they can appreciate the technology that we have created. They also generally have high bandwidth connections, and are impressed by first-class design. The Break-even Analysis is a good f... We know that most of our clients would drive BMW's and have very good taste - they spend money on their children because they can appreciate the technology that we have created. They also generally have high bandwidth connections, and are impressed by first-class design. Financial Considerations Our start-up costs would come to $33,750, which are high because of our commitment to dominate the Internet market place. The Break-even Analysis is a good financial indicator. We show break-even with a sales level of about $265K per month, even assuming a fixed cost of $169 per month, which is high. Given those assumptions, we would reach steady-state break-even in December of the first year. Some companies can raise funds under the Enterprise Investment Scheme. The scheme applies to trading companiesbut not generallyto service or investment companies. There are potential tax advantages for individuals - including sole traders and partners acting in their capacity as individuals -who invest in such companies, such as - The buyer of the shares get tax relief at the lower rate of income tax and when they sell the shares it is also possible that they can defer the capital gains tax on any gains on those shares. Interest on loans taken for the purpose of investing in qualifying companies is not tax deductible. Government Regulations KraftyKidz.com would also need to consider trademarks. Trademarks and service marks may be registered in a state for a term of ten years as per the regulations involved. KraftyKidz.com would be required by law to withhold the following from the wages paid to employees: federal income taxes, state income taxes and FICA (Social Security) Insurance. Income taxes will also be levied by the federal and

Thursday, July 25, 2019

Managing people Master Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Managing people Master - Essay Example (Jehn & Mannix (2001) identify three main types of the group conflict: task conflict; relationship conflict; process conflict. Another researcher, Robbins (2005) singles out: functional conflict and dysfunctional conflict. In other cases, conflicts undermine the group process and set the stage for ongoing problems and reduced group effectiveness in the future. Some recent research by Jehn & Mannix (200) examines the longer-term effects of conflict on group performance. The research also considers what they call "task complexity" as a moderating variable, which aligns with the notion of quantitative and qualitative balance in relation to conflict. An alternative view is proposed by (Hede 1990) who states that there two factors are needed to produce conflict: cognitive disharmony and affective disharmony. Group dynamics depends upon group norms, group cohesiveness and group roles assigned to different group members. McKenna (1994; in Hayes 2002) state that there are seven factors influenced group cohesiveness: similarity of attitudes and goals, time spent together; isolation of group from others; threats from outside group, size; stringent entry requirements; rewards for group performance; problems. The small group is a subsystem within the larger organization. As such, it is subject to the same forces as the larger system. The behavior of one group member affects all of the others. Influencing behavior carries beyond the face-to-face meeting. Individual members interact "off-line" in settings other than meeting rooms. Schutz's 3-stage Model will help to identify and describe the main problems occurred in Greenline. According to his model, there are three main stages of group dynamics: stage 1: In or Out (when members unsure about joining, explore relationships); stage 2 - Top or Bottom (when conflicts and power struggles among members), stage 3: Near or Far (members make commitment and clarify relationships; emotional integration of members). Another model of group development is proposed by Margerison & McCann (1995). They explain that a leader or central person is a wheel of the group. Such group is generally more satisfied with the communication pattern and results than the other members. He or she can, however, suffer from information overload and have difficulty making judgments or arriving at a solution. Managers also have the responsibility to establish and maintain the climate of the groups that work in his or her department. When opportunities are provided for free and open discussion, pe ople tend to feel more personal satisfaction and are generally more productive. Another important concept is groupthink. It is defined as "the mode of thinking that persons engage in when concurrence-seeking becomes so dominant in a cohesive in-group that it tends to override realistic appraisal of alternative courses of action" (Irving Janis, 1971: 43). If a group has groupthink, managers who succeed in creating trusting, open exchanges between people and a high level of cohesiveness among members can keep disagreement and conflict in perspective. Problem Identification Greenline many individual elements affect the way the top team operates: the reason

Business Resource and Managment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Business Resource and Managment - Essay Example The analysis includes all the traditional and contemporary theories of motivation and leadership which includes the Maslow's Hierarchy and Goal Setting theory etc. this section considers all the variables; dependent and independent and see their impact on the performance of the organization. The book further discusses the change process and the process of negotiation and conflict. The book also covers the entire topic of communication; its types, the channels of communication etc. The next section of the report is Organizational analysis where taking the concepts mentioned in the previous section the analysis of Dutch Organization Shell is done. Some real life examples of Shell are also discussed so as to get a practical aspect of what happens in the real world. This report is about the practical implementation of the concepts of organizational behavior. The organization that is taken for the purpose of analysis is Shell Global. Shell is a global group of energy and petrochemical companies and their aim is to meet the energy requirements in ways that are economical and environment friendly. The reason that Shell Global is chosen for the purpose of analysis is that the company values their employees considering them a huge asset for the organization. They respect the human rights and strive to provide them with safe and comfortable working conditions. They take steps so as to promote the talent of their employees and provide them proper channels to report their concerns. Academic Literature The book selected for the purpose of analysis and literature review is "Organizational Behavior, 12th Edition, Stephen P. Robbins and Timothy A. Judge". This book briefly explains all the theories that are applied to a work place (Robbins & Judge, 2004). The book starts with the disciplines that are contributing to organizational behavior. These include psychology, social psychology, sociology and anthropology. These disciplines contribute different theories like motivational theories, leadership theories, behavioral change, comparative values, organizational culture and organizational environment. The book proceeds with the challenges of organizational behavior which includes increase in globalization and improvement of quality and production and managing the work stress in the environment. The dependent variables in an organization include productivity, absenteeism and turnover however the individual level variables include perception, motivation and individual learning. These all variables make the organizational behavior model. The foundation of individual behavior includes the ability of the individual which include the intellectual abilities and the physical abilities of the individual. The next key step is to identify the key biographical characteristics of the individual which includes the age, gender, race and tenure. The individual behavior also includes the learning capabilities of the people; the learning theories include the classical learning theory, operant conditioning and social learning. In order to motivate the employees a combination of these theories are employed. The main components of the attitude of an individual include the cognitive part which is the evaluation part, the affective part which is

Wednesday, July 24, 2019

Final Project Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Final Project - Assignment Example Several criteria exist for optimizing organizational performance, and these criteria are also important in organizational assessment. This paper will seek to identify and analyze the quality gaps that exist in the University of California - San Diego Medical School through performance enhancement criteria, and then proceed to discuss concepts of performance excellence, continuous quality improvement and total quality management and how they apply to UCSD Medical School. The role of the leadership in UCSD Medical School in fostering and sustaining organizational and clinical quality will also be studied. Organizational assessment allows businesses to determine their current state in terms of quality and performance and as a result formulate policies and strategies for the way forward (Perkins, Verladi, Nightingale and Rifkin p. 1). The initial assessment is important in the identification of performance gaps within an organization and hence an indicator of the areas that should receive priority. After undertaking a transformational path, organizational assessment is important in appraisal of the progress made in the achievement of the desired performance. As opposed to traditional departmental or group performance assessment, organizational performance involves a study of the wide structural and functional aspects of an organization which enable such an organization to develop and implement policies that are sustainable in the achievement of both long term and short term goals. Organizational assessment is a holistic strategy for examining the strengths and weaknesses of the program s being implemented in an organization, and besides this internal perspective, it can also serve as a measure of an organization’s performance against its competitors (Perkins et al. p. 2). The criteria utilized to enhance organizational performance are also the same ones used in organizational assessment. For a health institution such as the UCSD

Tuesday, July 23, 2019

The French Colonization of Tunisia Research Paper

The French Colonization of Tunisia - Research Paper Example This paper will focus on the rationale behind the French colonization of Tunisia in the 19th century. The major question is: why did the French colonize Tunisia and what the French hoping to achieve? Before embarking on the French colonization of Tunisia, it is of essence to highlight the activities and effects of other powerful nations on Tunisia prior to the French. Ancient Tunisia was inhabited by Berbers, who led a nomadic way of life and lived in caves. However, in the 9th century BC, the Phoenicians arrived in Africa through the Mediterranean Sea and colonized Tunisia. The Phoenicians established the city of Carthage in Tunisia and influenced its religion, economy, culture, and politics. Consequently, Carthage became one of the most prosperous cities in the Mediterranean region. This prosperity, nevertheless, did not last long, as Carthage was involved in supremacy battles with Rome. Unfortunately for Carthage, it lost the battles to Rome, thus Tunisia was placed under the Roma n rule. Many roman businessmen settled in Tunisia and exploited its fertile soils, natural minerals, and consumer goods2. Within no time, Tunisia became famous for supplying agricultural products all over Europe. The Romans also established Christianity in Tunisia. The Romans were succeeded by the vandals who enhanced the agricultural and commercial life in Tunisia. However, the vandals did not recognize the native Berbers of Tunisia in their rule and this led to Tunisia being taken over by the Byzantine Empire. Constant battles between the Byzantine Empire and other nations wanting to control Tunisia led to the decline of the Byzantine Empire rule. In the 14th century BC, the Ottoman Turks, particularly the Beys invaded and conquered Tunisia. Under the rule of the Beys, Tunisia achieved economic, social, and political prosperity. For example, education was prioritized and nationalism upheld. At this time, European countries offered to help Tunisia in improving its international tra de. The Bey went on an extravagant mission to increase taxes and erect major buildings in the country. However, Tunisian economy suffered at the hands of European investors, which forced Tunisia to declare bankruptcy and ask for assistance from European powers. This call for help aroused the interests of Britain, Italy and France in colonizing Tunisia. Therefore, in order for France to gain control of Tunisia, the latter had to fight off the challenge posed by Britain and Italy. Particularly, Italy felt that it was more deserving of Tunisia because; one, it had invested more wealth in Tunisia than Britain and France. Secondly, Italy had more of its citizens settled in Tunisia compared to the number of Britons and French people in Tunisia. Nevertheless, Britain agreed to let France have Tunisia, if the latter left Cyprus to the British. In 1881, some men from Tunisia had crossed over to Algeria, a French protectorate and the French used this as a perfect excuse to invade and subdue t he Tunisians3. The Bardo Treaty was signed between Tunisian officials and the French officials that saw French take over the governance of Tunisia. Italy did not wish to fight with France over the control of Tunisia, thus in 1884, Tunisia was formally recognized as a French protectorate. Once France had solidified its control over Tunisia, France paid all of Tunisia’s foreign debt and as a result, Tunisia was completely under French rule. The question, therefore, remains; why did the

Monday, July 22, 2019

Marketing Techniques Essay Example for Free

Marketing Techniques Essay The main thing behind marketing in a business is finding the customer’s needs and produce the product/ services to satisfy their needs, this way the customer can choose what they would want included in their product/ service. A business that follows this rule is market-orientated. There is alternatives orientation for businesses, these are; The production concept: This is where the business produces in large quantities and distribute in bulk, this is so the customer/ business get the products cheaper as they will be bulk buying. A business that would do this is Walkers. They make thousands of packets and then sells them to large business such as Tesco, Tesco would be able to buy it for cheaper as they will be buying in a very large amount as they can stock allot of products. However charity shops will sell their products and with the entire surplus they send it off to the charity. An example of this is Oxfam, they will sell their products to the public and with all the surplus is sent off to the project they are currently on. The sales concept: Businesses need to know how to sell their products/ services. If they don’t know how to the business is likely to fail but if a business knows how to sell its goods/ sieves then it is likely to be successful. A type of sales technique is hard selling nor Tesco or Oxfam hard sell but businesses such as Anglian, Everest and Safestyle are usually hard sellers trying to get you to buy double glazing. As you can see some of the sales reps in these businesses have lied about the business just so they can close sales with people on the spot. The marketing Concept: Marketing concept is different to sales and production as it has to take every step with keeping customers in mind as marketing is based around customer’s needs and wishes. An example for this is Tesco they do this with their Tesco Club card every time you shop you swipe your card and the system knows what the customer purchased, so to bring back the customer they will mail you some vouchers which then makes the customer want to come back into the store and shop again. Another business that uses marketing is Curry’s when you purchase something the sales assistant take down your home address so if they have any offers which are similar to what you bought will send you letter informing you about any offers. Marketing definitions: Basic definition of marketing is meeting customer needs and wants profitably. Marketing consists of identifying, anticipating and satisfying customer requirements profitably. Objectives: Private sector The objectives for a private sector business are to maximise profits and expand all over the world. An example for a private sector business is Tesco. They have businesses in the UK and in America called Fresh Easy. In the screen shot you can see Tesco’s objectives. Public sector The objectives for a public sector business are to provide quality service for the public. An example for this is the NHS as they provide health care for everyone. In the screenshot you can see NHS’s objectives. Voluntary sector The voluntary sector businesses objectives are to raise money for good causes. An example of this is Oxfam they aid anyone to donate any goods so they can sell them and send the money they produce from the goods they sell given to the public to projects they are currently on. As you can see this is one of Oxfam’s shops where they sell goods that have been donated by the public. Organisational objective This is a target for the whole business no matter how big it is. A good example of this is Tesco, Tesco’s objective may be to increase market share to 51%. Marketing objective This is how you are going to achieve it e.g. increase Tesco value products Tesco can produce their own products such as Ben Jerry ice-cream they can produce a Tesco value version as some people may not be able to afford  £4 ice-cream so the people can buy the alternative which would help Tesco increase their profits. Link between organisational objectives and marketing objectives Marketing objectives shouldn’t be contradicting a business’s main objective, but should be contributing in achieving that. A business will not succeed if it’s been pulled apart in two different directions. An example of this is if Tesco want to increase their sales by a certain percentage then different functional areas have to contribute to achieve this such as advertising they may advertise products that are on offer or any seasonal products e.g. Christmas, new years or valentines. Tesco’s could also send out more offers with their Club Card meaning more customers may shop in the business. By this way Tesco will be informing a lot more people that they have sales on which might bring more customers into the business. Market leadership This is where a business has the most market share in a given product or service, this could be measured by the amount of goods sold or the value of those goods. If a business wants to become a market leader they need to be 51% or more in sales for it to become a market leader. For example, Tesco is the leading supermarket in the supermarket market place as you can see in this screenshot (January 2012). Charity do no compete with market share as they all have similar aims and objectives but need maximum funds to stay in operation. Some charities will be more valuable then others depending on how much donations they receive. Oxfam is at the top along with cancer research UK, British Heart Foundation and many more. Brand awareness Brand awareness is making people aware of the business and what they do/ sell. Brand awareness is the NHS’s number one objective, they want all of Great Britain’s public to know what they do. Brand awareness may be an individual product or the whole business itself. Tesco may advertise their Tesco club card so people are more aware of the club card you can get when you sign up with them. Perceptions of customers A customer’s perception of a business or a brand often affects their purchasing decision. An example of this is a business might have a lot of brand awareness but their products might not be of the highest quality. This will make the customer not want to come back into the store as they are paying for a cheap quality product. Tesco has a reputation of selling goods a cheap price to everyone, if they start selling their products higher than their competitors then they are likely to lose out on customers and sales which are why they try keep their prices as low as possible. People may also decide to shop at Oxfam for clothes rather than buying clothes from the high street as they know their money goes to good use. Techniques: Growth strategies Businesses grow through their products/ services every time they put a product on the market more and more people will find out about the product. For example Tesco have been using growth strategies as they are expanding with their services, such as Tesco Money, you can now have a credit card with Tesco which people who may don’t normally do not shop at Tesco may have their Tesco credit card. Oxfam use growth strategies through advertising. Every time they advertise someone new will hear about Oxfam and how they are helping to take people out of poverty in third world countries. Survival strategies This is important for all business if they want to keep operating. The reason why Tesco are expanding into different markets is in case one market fails them they have other services which will help them keep out of making a loss for example if Tesco started making cars and sold a few thousand but then was not successful. They are likely to start making a loss but as they are successful in other markets they are unlikely that they would shut down. With Oxfam with all their stores open they can use them stores to survive. Branding Business need to have a strong brand image in order for them to survive. Providing high customer service will increase the brand image. Advertising is also a factor to increase the brand image. Tesco and Oxfam both have a very strong brand image as they are at the top of their tables Tesco is globally a very well known business and Oxfam is also globally well know as they operate in the UK and in third world countries. Relationship marketing Building a relationship with customers is very important for the business as they will think that the business cares about them. Tesco can build relationships with its customers at the tills, the cashier can communicate with the customer building a positive relationship. This is also the same with Oxfam when people buy products from the stores they are building a relationship with the business or if you support Oxfam through direct debit you will receive a welcome pack with updates every month about what the persons many is doing and how they are helping people in poverty.

Sunday, July 21, 2019

Romeo And Juliet Play And Movie Comparison Film Studies Essay

Romeo And Juliet Play And Movie Comparison Film Studies Essay The crown of English literature for plays, embedded with timeless and priceless gems, rests certainly on the head of William Shakespeare. Shakespeare has created masterpieces in every possible genres of play. Romeo and Juliet is an everlasting (or ever grey due to tragic over tones?!) play which draws undivided or unparallel attention of the writers even during this modern era. Apart from enjoying immense popularity when it was enacted as a drama during the early part of the sixteenth century, the beginning of mid twentieth century witnessed this play being converted into movies in 1968, and 1996. Both the movies stayed faithful to the original storyline; however, the 1996 version, Baz Lurhmann adopted the storyline to reflect the revealing trend of dispute among two feuding families. It is an exciting task to make a detailed study of the play, and its comparison in different aspect with the immensely popular 1996 version directed by the Australian, Baz Lurhmann. Romeo and Juliet, though termed as tragedy carries more of Shakespeares comedy elements. Love is obviously the dominating and most vital theme of this play. The whole play is intertwined on the romantic love between Romeo and Juliet at their first sight. In this play, love supersede other characteristics such as loyalty, emotions etc. In this play, the lovers deny the family and the entire world and proceed with their marriage. This is evident from the words of Juliet, Or if thou wilt not, be but sworn my love, I / And Ill no longer be a Capulet (Romeo and Juliet. 2.2. 38-39). Romeo abandons his close friends, Mercutio and Benvolio and even risks his life and returns to Verona for the sake of his lady love even after being sent in exile. Love becomes a riding force for every incident narrated in the play. The lovers are emotionally triggered and take impulsive decisions; by this, they go against the norms of this world. Also, love is described as a religion. This is clear in the lines describing Romeo and Juliets first meeting. The readers can observe that Juliet has no words to explain her love for Romeo and thus refuses to describe it in words. But my true love is grown to such excess / I cannot sum up some of half my wealth (Romeo and Juliet 2.6. 33-34). Thus, it is clear that both the lovers are not able to explain their love and differentiate it with the society, family and religion. Their inability to draw line between their love and other ties can be said as a vital reason for their tragic end. By this, their love takes a back seat and death and violence occupies the front seat. The delicate ingredients of family feud, immature teenage aspirations and above all the raging love between the teenagers provides a great and ideal platform for Shakespeare to come up with an immortal tragedy. It is quite natural that film makers were inevitably attracted and motivated to make an interesting movie from the play. The project of making a movie on Romeo and Juliet certainly has some challenges to be encountered. Firstly, in the narrative, the vivid descriptions of the various scenarios are brought out in a several lines of verse; while the same can be made into a visual presentation involving much lesser times and words. Secondly, certain specific features in the realm of plays such as soliloquy are brought out in a distinctive style but picturization of the same is a different proposition altogether as the technical advancements has facilitated to project the actors expressions and bodily gestures by way of close-up shots and suitable editing in a forthright manner which is not possible in the play. Again, the advanced film making technique with avenues like lightning, wide variety of locales, costumes, advanced make-up facilities, make-up for an effective combination to produce excellent visual effects as compared to the limitations in the enactment of the play. Thus, the avenues are open for effecting the most picture perfect visualization. Baz Luhrmann has been successful in innovating the adaption of the screenplay in a different background scenario drawing a unique visual style, reflecting the politics and trends that existed in a combination of 1940s, 1970s and 1990s. Luhrmann deposits the play in the modern Verona beach; this can also be interpreted as reminding part decaying Miami and part Mexico City as frequent and high crime rate areas (Berardinelli, 1996). Accordingly, fast cars with roaring engines in the movie replace the horses in the play. Guns come in to occupy the place of swords and daggers. This kind of a hybrid with an old play in new setting makes a startling impression on the viewer. While trying to bring out the directors intent, it would be in order to bring out certain important scene of the play, especially pertaining to the love-scene. The way it has been brought out in picturization acquires a special credit. Firstly, the balcony scene is considered by many scholars to be the highlight of the play where the impact of youth love is brought out vibrantly to be stronger than all the forces that work against it. Luhrmann takes Shakespeares use of 190 lines and reduces it to 90 lines. He also switches the venue from the orchard to the swimming pool. However, he manages to retain the main intent of the lovers (Modern Film Adaptations of Shakespeare). Again, the camera work here is quite impressive: in usual cases the camera is moving frantically, however here the camera remains fixed in a tight close-up as Romeos dialogue, But, soft! What light through yonder window breaks? (Romeo and Juliet 2.2.2), and the camera stays extremely close to the lovers as they disco ver each other and realize how much they are attracted to each other and how deep in love they are with each other. This scene take place in the pool courtyard of the Capulet mansion and is noticeably more muted than other scenes; the importance of words and feelings gain ascendancy allowing Shakespeares poetry to come through in full bloom (Modern Film Adaptations of Shakespeare). While essaying on the directors perspective, it is worthwhile to discuss about the technical credits of the movie: the camera is always seen roving around; there are many instances in the movie where rapid cuts and screaming soundtrack might make the viewer doubt whether he is watching a rock-video! Also, the camera tricks, the special effects such as a roiling storm and the rebellious splash of colors right through the movie gains priority relegating the romantic theme into the background, in the process, lose certain more intangibles of intricate romance. This is more manifested in the first few scenes of the movie and tends to get corrected as it progresses. In conclusion, any adaptation of a Shakespeare play is determined by two major factors. The first is the competence of the director. The second factor is the ability of the main cast members. Any other innovations and unconventional flourishes applied by the director and technicians will not carry any significance. With these viewpoints, the litterateur can appreciate that the play Romeo and Juliet has fallen in the capable hands of directors and actors such as Luhrmann, DiCaprio and Danes. This 1996 film version of the play, despite being interpreted as a loud and brash version, and despite being unacceptable to the high-level experts as a classic, it has certainly helped widen their perspective to venture into any movie that bears the credit based on play by William Shakespeare.

Factors to Develop a Doctor-Patient Relationship

Factors to Develop a Doctor-Patient Relationship Patients and Health care Professionals need to communicate about many different aspects of health and illness. With reference to a specific example, outline the factors that the health professionals would need to consider when preparing to discuss this issue with a patient. The medical consultation is considered to be one of the most important phases in the care of a patient (Bennet, 1979; Beck et al., 2001). Especially in long term illnesses, health care professionals have a close relationship with their patients; the main reason is because of the nature of this relationship itself, as they are both involved in illness in their own different ways (Bennet, 1979; Ong et al., 1995; Pendleton Hasler, 1983; Molleman et al., 1984; Morrison, 1994; Usherwood, 1999). Through this relationship, health professionals and patients are constantly exchanging information (Ong et al., 1995; Morrison, 1994; Usherwood, 1999); patients are the ones who experience illness and discomfort, and are seeking for both care (feeling that health care professionals know and understand them) and cure (need to define the health problem), (Stimson Webb, 1975; Usherwood, 1999; Ong et al., 1995), whereas health professionals are the ones with the knowledge, experience and the ability to help patients (Bennet, 1979; Messer Meldrum, 1995; Usherwood, 1999). Therefore, physicians and patients are interdependent and influence each other during their interactions (Stimson Webb, 1975; Bennet, 1979; Ong et al., 1995; Pendleton Hasler, 1983; Leigh Reiser, 1985). In order to have a functional doctor-patients relationship, an effective medical consultation and better health outcomes, good communication between physicians and patients is required (Ong et al., 1995; Stewart, 1995). As research indicates, the need for good communication is greater when it is between physicians and patients with fatal medical diseases, such as cancer (Molleman et al., 1984; Ong et al., 1995; Ong et al., 1999). Therefore, health professionals’ role is even more important, since they will need to be prepared for the consultation. Before their meeting, both patients and health care professionals have expectations and anticipations for the consultation and of course are preparing for their face to face interaction (Stimson Webb, 1975; Leigh Reiser, 1985). Health professionals have several subjects to consider and be prepared for, before any cancer consultation, such as medical information that need to be discussed during their interaction with cancer patients , but also factors that may influence their between interaction and communication (Stimson Webb, 1975; Faulkner Maguire, 1994). To begin with, the first factor that health care professionals should consider and be prepared for, before the meeting, is the patients’ emotional state, which can affect both the course and outcome of a consultation (Faulkner Maguire, 1994). The patients’ mood is influenced by numerous factors, such as their current medical condition and experience of illness, their personal information, such as age, culture, education or even the received support from their social networks (Faulkner Maguire, 1994; Suinn VandenBos, 2000; Lin et al., 2003). Bearing all these factors in mind, physicians should understand that working with cancer patients can be challenging and emotionally difficult (Faulkner Maguire, 1994). Although physicians cannot foresee their patients’ mood for their upcoming consultation, they can be prepared for different scenarios and think of different strategies of how to professionally handle difficult situations and yet provide the best quality care (Faulkner Maguire, 1994). First of all, one of the most difficult aspects when consulting with a patient is the breaking of bad news or having to answer difficult questions, for example questions regarding life expectancy and death (Buckman, 1984; Faulkner Maguire, 1994). When informing cancer patients about the severity of their condition, the amount of information to be shared with the cancer patient, depends on the patient himself, for example, cancer patients are often unaware of their condition or patient does not want to be informed about the severity of his/hers condition (Faulkner Maguire, 1994; Maguire, 1999). Nevertheless, the approach which is used to present bad news to the cancer patient, is extremely impor tant, since it can influence not only their way of coping with the psychological impact of the cancer, but also it can influence their future adjustment to both the cancer and the treatment (Fallowfield et al., 1990). According to Fujimori and Uchitomi (2009), when patients receive bad news, they want afterwards, their physicians to be supportive as this can help them relieve their emotional distress. Therefore, it is important for health care professionals to consider whether their patient would like to know about the severity of their condition and be prepared not only to inform their patients but also to listen to their concerns and support them. Furthermore, when patients are dealing with a new unknown and therefore frightening situation, they are hoping that through the consultation their need for information will be covered and that they would be able to ask questions and get answers from their physician (Molleman et al., 1984; Faulkner Maguire, 1994). Most of the times, the questions asked from cancer patients are awkward and often reflect the patients’ fears and worries, but also indicate that the patient is thinking and is troubled by the idea of death (Faulkner Maguire, 1994). Even though answering these difficult questions can be challenging for health care professionals, it is important to make sure that patient’s need for information is established. Giving information to cancer patients, is an indication that physician is paying attention and understands their needs, and therefore help reduce feelings of uncertainty and fear (Molleman et al., 1984). Another difficult situation which health care professionals must be prepared to face is their patient’s psychological mood (Faulkner Maguire, 1994). It is very common that cancer patients may be withdrawn and often overwhelmed with feelings of hopelessness and helplessness or even experience anger, which is often a form of defense mechanism (Maguire et al. 1993; Faulkner Maguire, 1994). However, it is essential that patients’ psychological condition is assessed if it is consider dangerous for the patients’ condition (Maguire et al. 1993; Faulkner Maguire, 1994). Moreover, before meeting with cancer patients, practitioners need to bear in mind that they both arrive at the meeting with different knowledge and skills (Leigh Reiser, 1985). During consultations physicians may use medical jargon, which is difficult to be understood by cancer patients (Bennet, 1979; Leigh Reiser, 1985). According to Leigh and Reiser (1985), there is the risk that patients may jump to their own conclusions through what they believe they heard or what they understood physicians told them. As a result, the use of medical definitions may lead to unwanted non-communication and misinterpretation between physicians and patients (Leigh Reiser, 1985; Fallowfield Jenkins, 1999; Chapman et al., 2003). Even when patients are properly informed about their conditions, and their options, it is often difficult for the patients to remember all the information they were given, due to the complexity of these information (Kessels, 2003). As mention by Kessels (2003), the use of written language may help improve to remember and better understand the information given during a consultation. Therefore, it would be useful if health care professionals have prepared or found some leaflets or even written down essential information and instruction (when medication is required), that may help their patients. Thus, health professionals need to be prepared to explain the condition to the patient and be as specific as possible, with the use of nontechnical language, but more importantly to ensure that their patient has understood and has received sufficient information (Leigh Reiser, 1985; Faulkner Maguire, 1994; Ong et al., 1995). Furthermore, health care professionals do not interact and talk only to their patients; most of the times during a consultation a member of the family or a close friend are also present to support the cancer patient but also to get information about the condition of their loved ones (Labrecque et al., (1991); Delvaux et al., 2005). Even though family and friends can influence the way a patient understands and experiences illness (Usherwood, 1999; Delvaux et al., 2005) and are usually involved in decision making, their opinions and views are often not considered (Dowsett et al., 2000). However, with the possibility of the presence of a relative, health care professionals need to consider how the course and outcome of the consultation may be affected, as well as how to treat possible unwanted behavior on behalf of the relative. There are only a few studies, examining the possible negative effects of the presence of a relative during a cancer consultation. Though, a research conducted b y Labrecque et al., (1991) showed that, cancer patients who had a consultation with a family member present were less satisfied with that meeting. Furthermore, physicians are often unable to handle a three person consultation, due to the difficulties that arise from this situation (Delvaux et al., 2005), as it requires special skills that are difficult to practice and the interaction is often more stressful than a normal doctor-patient consultation (Bragard et al., 2006). When a relative is present, the health care professional has to consider not only the needs of the cancer patients but the needs of the relative as well (Delvaux et al., 2005; Lienard et al., 2008). As the research by Labrecque et al., (1991) showed, when a family member was present, consultations lasted longer and the health care professionals were likely to share more information, however they showed more emotional support to cancer patients when they were not accompanied by a relative. Even though each consultation differs and may require more time, these findings show the need for consistency in the information giving (always according to the needs of the patient) and support provided to the cancer patient, regardless the presence of a relative. It essential, before the consultation, for the physician to be prepared to share information, consult and be supportive, whether his patient is alone or not. To conclude with, the communication and consultation between health care professionals and cancer patients are challenging and often emotionally difficult for both (Faulkner Maguire, 1994; Bragard et al., 2006). Though, health professionals are trained and have acquired both knowledge and skills to cope with difficulties, they might face while working with cancer patients (Faulkner Maguire, 1994). More research can be conducted, in order to examine the complexity of the doctor-patient relationship and how it is affected by the patient’s psychological condition or the presence of a relative, how the patients benefit from a good doctor-patient relationship and an effective consultation and finally how the health care professionals can prepare for consultation with cancer patients. REFERENCES Bragard, I., Razavi,, D., Marschal, S., Delvaux, N., Libert, Y., Reynaert, C., Boniver, J., Klatstersky, J., Scalliet, P., Etienne, A. M., (2006). Teaching communication and stress management skills to junior physicians dealing with cancer patients: a Belgian Interuniversity Curriculum. Support Care Cancer, 14, 454-461. Beck, R. S., Daughtridge, R., Sloane, P. D., (2002). Physician-Patient Communication in the Primary Care Office: A systematic Review. Journal of the American Board of Family Practice, 15, 25-38. Bennet, G., (1979). Patients and their doctors: The journey through medical care. London: Bailliere Tindall. Buckman, R., (1984). Breaking bad news: why is it still so difficult? British Medical Journal, 288, 1597-1599. Chapman, K., Abraham, C., Jenkins, V., Fallowfield, L., (2003). Lay Understanding of Terms used in Cancer Consultation. Psycho-Oncology, 12, 557-566. Delvaux, N., Merckaert, I., Marchal, S., Libert, Y., Conradt, S., Boniver, J., Etienne, A. M., Fontaine, O., Janne, P., Klastersky, J., Melot, C., Reynaert, C., Scalliet, P., Slachmuylder, J. L., Razavi, D., (2005). Physicians’ Communication with a cancer patient and a relative. Cancer, 103(11), 2397-2411. Dowsett, S. M., Saul, J. L., Buttow, P. N., Dunn, S. M., Boyer, M. J., Findlow, R., Dunsmore, J., (2000). Communication styles in the cancer consultation: Preferences for a patient-centered approach. Psycho-Oncology, 9, 147-156. Fallowfield, L. J., Hall, A., Maguire, G. P., Baum, M., (1990). Psychological Outcomes of different treatment policies in women with early breast cancer outside a clinical trial. BMJ, 301,575-580. Fallowfield, L., Jenkins, V., (1999). Effective Communication skills are the Key to Good Cancer Care. European Journal of Cancer, 35(11), 1592-1597. Faulkner, A., Maguire, P., (1994). Talking to Cancer Patients and their Relatives. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Fujimori, M., Uchitomi, Y., (2009). Preferences of Cancer Patients regarding communication of bad news: A systematic literature review. Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology, 39(4), 201-216. Kessels, R. P. C., (2003). Patients’ memory for medical information. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 96, 219-222. Labrecque, M. S., Blanchard, C. G., Ruckdeschel, J. C., Blanchard, E. B., (1991). The impact of family presence on the physician-cancer patient interaction. Social Sciences Medicine, 33(11),1253-1261. Leigh, H., Reiser, M. F., (1985). The Patient: Biological, Psychological, and Social Dimensions of Medical Practice (2nd ed.). London: Plenum Medical Book Company. Lienard, A., Merckaert, I., Libert, Y., Delvaux, N., Marchal, S., Boniver, J., Etienne, A. M., Klastersky, J., Reynaert, C., Scalliet, P., Slachmuylder, J. L., Razavi, D., (2008). Factors that influence cancer patients’ and relatives’ anxiety following a three-person medical consultation: impact of a communication skills training program for physicians. Psycho-Oncology, 17, 488-496. Lin, C. C., Lai, Y. L., Ward, S. E., (2003). Effect of Cancer Pain on Performance Status, Mood States, and Level of Hope Among Taiwanese Cancer Patients. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 25(1), 29-37. Maguire, P., (1999). Improving Communication with Cancer Patients. European Journal of Cancer,35(10), 1415-1422. Maguire, P., Faulkner, A., Regnard, C., (1993). Managing the anxious patient with advanced disease a flow diagram. Palliative Medicine, 8, 76-81. Messer, D., Meldrum, C., (1995). Psychology for Nurses and Health Care Professionals. London: Prentice Hall/Harvester Wheatsheaf. Molleman E., Krabbendam, P. L., Annyas, A. A., Koops, H. S., Sleufer, D. T., Vermey, A., (1984). The Significance of the Doctor-Patient relationship in coping with cancer. Social Sciences Medicine, 18(16), 475-480. Morrison, P., (1994). Understanding Patients. London: Bailliere Tindall. Ong, L. M. L., De Haes, J. C. J. M., Hoos, A. M., Lammes, F. B., (1995). Doctor-Patient communication: A review of the literature. Social Science Medicine, 40(7), 903-918. Ong, L. M. L., Visser, M. R. M., Lammes, F. B., De Haes, J. C. J. M., (2000). Doctor-Patient communication and cancer patients’ quality of life and satisfaction. Patient Education and Counseling,41, 145-156. Pendleton, D., Hasler, J., (1983). Doctor-Patient Communication. London: Academic Press, INC. Stewart, M. A., (1995). Effective Physician-Patient Communication and Health Outcomes: A Review. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 152(9), 1423-1433. Stimson, G., Webb, B., (1975). Going to See the Doctor: The Consultation Process in General Practice. London: Routledge Kegan Paul Ltd. Suinn, R. M., VandenBos, G. R., (2000). Cancer Patients and their Families: Readings on Disease Course, Coping and Psychological Interventions. Washington DC: American Psychological Association. Usherwood, T., (1999). Understanding the Consultation: Evidence, Theory and Practice. Buckingham: Open University Press.

Saturday, July 20, 2019

Pamela Haist :: essays research papers

I love my grandmother (or whom I call Nana) very much and I look up to her more than anyone else I know. She’s smart, kind, funny, social, and very outgoing. I remember one time at the mall, when she was walking up the â€Å"down† escalator, and she couldn’t figure out what was wrong with the stupid thing! She just kept walking up it, and cursing at it wondering what was wrong. As you’ve probably guessed, my speech is about Nana, my greatest role model. Pamela Haist was born in March, Cambridgeshire, England on March 19, 1924. Her name at that time was Pamela Muriel Bailey. She was raised by her grandmother and uncles until she was about eight years old because her father and mother could not afford to keep a child at that time. According to Mrs. Haist this was quite common in a time before unemployment insurance and social benefits. She was an only child, and raised with very strict rules. For instance, every night she had to be in bed by six o'clock. She had to lie in the bedroom of her two-level house, listening to her friends playing out in the streets until she fell asleep. This continued until she was twelve or thirteen years of age. Despite the rules that may have hurt other people's social skills, Miss Bailey had many friends as a child. She told me of one friend that she remembers quite well, her best friend Daphne. "When I was a young girl," she reflected with a laugh, "I remember us going out one day to play. We were on our bikes, which is how we usually got around, wearing our best Sunday clothes at the time, white frocks with frilly lace. We were walking along the wall of the sewage centre. I said 'Let's go over that wall and see what's there. I'll help you over first. Come on, it will be ever so much fun.' So I helped her up over the wall and she landed right in a sewer filled with muck. I said 'I'll be right over. Keep on going!' By the time she came out, her dress (for picture day) was filthy! She came up to me the next day and said 'My mother says I'm not to have anything more to do with you.' But of course that didn't last five minutes." Miss Bailey did very well in school with various subjects.

Friday, July 19, 2019

Philosophical Autobiography in Mahfouzs Cairo Trilogy Essay examples

Throughout the novels of Naguib Mahfouz' Cairo Trilogy, the most noticeable element is the progression of time. In tracing the lives of three generations of the Abd al-Jawad family, Mahfouz manages to structure a chronicle of Egypt during his lifetime that describes not only the lives of the family but the social, political and philosophical change of the entire nation. While it is dangerous to read only for social analysis in Mahfouz' essentially artistic work, the changes in Egypt during the novel make its characters' relationships to a shifting Egypt clear. The character of Kamal is a very intriguing part of this depiction because of his similarity to Mahfouz and the consequent illustration of the changes which seem to have impacted Mahfouz most personally. Kamal can be seen as an essentially autobiographical character as well as a type representing Egyptian philosophical involvement and change between the two World Wars. Kamal is certainly an autobiographical character, though to exactly what degree is not clear. The most obvious similarity is his age: Mahfouz was born in 1911, and Kamal would have had to be born near then as well for him to be 36 by the end of Sugar Street (232). The details surrounding his childhood are undeniably similar as well: Mahfouz was haunted by an infatuation with one of his neighbors for many years, he experienced disillusionment with religion when he found the tomb of al-Husayn to be empty, and he then began to study Darwinism and declared a philosophy major in college. Also like Kamal, Mahfouz did not marry until late in life. In 1946 he started writing this trilogy, in almost exactly the situation of Kamal at the end of Sugar Street, and his mental state may have been similar to... ...an especially valuable character because he offers us a less exaggerated social type than the rest of his family, one who is simultaneously intensely personal to the author and a representative of the whole of Egyptian society. He allows us to see Egypt more clearly by seeing through the eyes of its most notable author. WORKS CITED Abu Ahmed, Hamed. "A Nobelist's Inspiration." World Press Review 36.1 (1989): 61. Mahfouz, Naguib. Palace of Desire. New York: Doubleday, 1991. -----. Sugar Street. New York: Doubleday, 1992. Massuh, Victor. "Interview with Naguib Mahfouz." UNESCO Courier Dec. 1989: 4-6. Moosa, Matti. The Early Novels of Naguib Mahfouz. Gainsville, Fla.: University Press of Florida, 1994. [+] These quotes are taken from an uncited handout given to me by Richard Sutliff that I believe to be from Moosa's book. [+]+ hereafter SS.

Thursday, July 18, 2019

Economic Inequality in Toni Cade Bambaras The Lesson Essay examples --

Sylvia and The Struggle Against Class Consciousness in Toni Cade Bambara's "The Lesson" "The Lesson" by Toni Cade Bambara is not just a spirited story about a poor girl out of place in an expensive toy store, it is a social commentary. "The Lesson" is a story about one African-American girl's struggle with her growing awareness of class inequality. The character Miss Moore introduces the facts of social inequality to a distracted group of city kids, of whom Sylvia, the main character, is the most cynical. Flyboy, Fat Butt, Junebug, Sugar, Rosie, Sylvia and the rest think of Miss Moore as an unsolicited educator, and Sylvia would rather be doing anything else than listening to her. The conflict between Sylvia and Miss Moore, "This nappy-head bitch and her goddamn college degree" (307), represents more than the everyday dislike of authority by a young adolescent. Sylvia has her own perception of the way things work, her own "world" that she does not like to have invaded by the prying questions of Miss Moore. Sylvia knows in the back of her mind that she is poor, but it ne ver bothers her until she sees her disadvantages in blinding contrast with the luxuries of the wealthy. As Miss Moore introduces her to the world of the rich, Sylvia begins to attribute shame to poverty, and this sparks her to question the "lesson" of the story, how "money ain't divided up right in this country" (308). Sylvia uses her daydreams as an alternative to situations she doesn't want to deal with, making a sharp distinction between reality as it is and reality as she wants to perceive it. For instance, as they ride in a cab to the toy store, Miss Moore puts Sylvia in charge of the fare and tells her to give the driver ten percent. Instead of figurin... ...siting F.A.O. Schwarz awakens in Sylvia an internal struggle she has never felt, and through criticizing Miss Moore, Sylvia distances herself from realizing her poverty. In her responses to the toys, their prices, and the unseen people who buy them, it is evident that Sylvia is confronting the truth of Miss Moore's lesson. As Sylvia begins to understand social inequality, the realization of her own disadvantage makes her angry. For Sylvia, achieving class consciousness is a painful enlightenment. For her to accept that she is underprivileged is shameful for her, and Sylvia would rather deny it than admit a wound to her pride: "ain't nobody gonna beat me at nuthin" (312). Works Cited Bambara, Toni Cade. "The Lesson." Eds. Hans P. Guth and Gabriele L. Rico. Discovering Literature: Fiction, Poetry, and Drama. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1997. 307-12.

Investment and Retirement Planning Essay

Introduction †¢ Retirement is the point where a person is not in any kind of employment /business/occupation. †¢ This usually happens upon reaching a determined age, when physical conditions do not allow the person to work any more. †¢ Retirement could also be due to personal choice-either due to adequate pension or personal savings or due to a regular unearned income like interest, rents etc. †¢ The retirement age varies from country to country but it is generally between 55 and 70. †¢ Certain jobs, which are of dangerous nature or of fatiguing nature, may have an earlier retirement age. Support and Funds †¢ Retired persons support themselves either through superannuation, pensions, savings or through family (earning children), as in Indian families. †¢ In some other countries the government provides the pension benefit to all its citizens. Retirement Planning †¢ Retirement financial planning refers to a collection of systems, methods and processes which support a family unit’s (client’s) desire to achieve a state of financial independence. †¢ It is a process of determining the financial goals at the point of retirement. †¢ It requires constant monitoring of the progress of the plan and then taking adequate remedial measures Need For Retirement Planning †¢ Increasing Life Span †¢ Low Returns In Conventional Modes Of Savings. †¢ Unintended Contingencies. †¢ Increasing Medical Cost. †¢ Diminishing Trend Of Joint Family System †¢ Inflationary Trends †¢ Absence Of Social Security Benefits By The State †¢ Pursuing Hobbies †¢ Falling Interest Rates Steps In Retirement Planning †¢ Decision retirement about the retirement age option. †¢ Setting of financial goals †¢ Saving of relevant amounts w.r.t. goals †¢ Investing in appropriate modes †¢ Calculation of net worth †¢ Regular monitoring of financial plan and incorporate the necessary amendments in the plan. Factors Affecting Retirement Planning †¢ Life style †¢ Personal values †¢ Nature of income- salaried, business or professional; stable job/non-stable job; private job/government job †¢ Number of years left for taking retirement †¢ Inflation rate †¢ Present net worth of a person †¢ Risk appetite of a person †¢ Services of a certified financial planner †¢ Conviction in the retirement planning effort †¢ Seriousness & perseverance for retirement planning Life Expectancy & Career Stability LIFE EXPECTANCY †¢ Life expectancy is the major ruler of retirement planning. †¢ As per the Indian context, still the importance of retirement planning is not clearly identified. †¢ With the increasing life expectancy, high standards of living and high expectations for the upcoming future, pressure is building up for fund allocation, to meet up the needs of retirement. †¢ Longevity of life expectancy has to be kept in mind while making out a retirement plan. †¢ Key factors to be evaluated while making out a retirement plan are present life style, income and capacity to save, family circumstances, level of inflation prevailing in the economy & the standard one would like to maintain at the time of post retirement INDIA & RETIREMENT PLANNING †¢ 90% per cent of India’s total working population is not covered for postretirement life. †¢ The main objective of retirement planning is to create a well funded and safe future for the client. †¢ Financial needs of the client needs to be clubbed between his/her current income and post retirement expenditure. †¢ To maintain up current life style one has to plan to save almost 65 to 85% of current income. Life Cycle †¢ Every phase of life cycle has a different level of income, expenditure and saving. †¢ The first phase of life cycle is the childhood where an individual has no earnings but certain amount of money is spent on him/her (school fees, clothing, food etc). †¢ Second stage comes where the individual may or may not start his real earnings or a stable career. †¢ In the third stage an individual enters a stable career and has good amount of earnings to save and start planning for his/her retirement †¢ Fourth & fifth stage is time period to save maximum and allocate maximum funds for the retirement planning. †¢ In the sixth stage comes the old age. At this stage the savings tend to reduce because of medical expenses, new expenses related to old age etc. †¢ The last two stages of the life cycle is the retirement period where the saving are utilized to cover the real retirement years or retirement costs. Career Stability †¢ Career stability is one of the most important factor which clearly needs to be evaluated to develop a retirement plan. †¢ Fund allocation for retirement is done with the help of surplus earnings of an individual during his/her pre-retirement period. †¢ Stable career and in return stable earnings provides a scope for having well planned and organized retirement plan †¢ Employers also have a important role in retirement planning as they contribute in pension plans other contribution plans etc. †¢ Career stability helps to draw clear anticipation of future earnings can be which helps in retirement planning Major Factors Affecting Career Stability †¢ Job Satisfaction: Job satisfaction covers the factors like the level of pay and benefits, the perceived fairness of the promotion system within a company, the quality of the working conditions, leadership and social relationships, and the job itself. †¢ Alternative opportunities: If the market is opening up for new jobs and careers and individual can provide his works onto those opportunities the career stability can embark for changes. †¢ Employer-Employee Relationship: This issue covers the factors like loyalty of an individual towards the employer, future protection provided by the employer, motivation, leadership, timely appraisals. †¢ Changing economic conditions: The economic conditions of a country like recession cycles, developing sectors, problems related to any particular sector private and public ownership etc also affects the career stability. †¢ There are also various policies and economic strategies of government related to employment & foreign investments etc which have a direct affect on employment scenario. PRE-RETIREMENT COUNSELLING Introduction †¢ It is an planning. interactive part of retirement †¢ In pre-retirement counseling all the basics of the retirement plan are drafted as per the needs and expectations of the client and as per the client’s present and anticipated financial conditions. †¢ Financial planner has to clearly evaluate the needs, attitude & lifestyle of the client to have a strong and trustworthy relationship with the client. Steps For Retirement Plan †¢ Inauguration Of Retirement Plan: Inauguration of retirement plan would depend on life expectancy. If the client starts accumulating funds for his/her retirement early, with small savings & less burden he will be able to achieve the goal. †¢ Desired Retirement Status: This would involve budgeting, income sources and proper asset management etc. Estimated expenditure and sources of income during the retirement years to the client have to be evaluated properly. †¢ Retirement Expenses & Sources Of Income: Clear identification of all the costs & incomes has to be made. Provisions for allocating 65 to 70% of current income for the retirement period should be drawn. Insurance With Retirement Planning †¢ Insurance plans with a cash back or whole life insurance are suitable because they provide insurance as long as the premiums are paid and also accumulates savings, thus it has a cash value. †¢ It also helps to pay off uncovered medical costs, funeral expenses & also acts as an income replacement for survivors. †¢ With increasing life expectancy, and other challenges a life insurance can provide a life-long, worry-free retirement and insurance protection. †¢ Major expenses of the retirement years are the health care costs, health insurance can act as a helping hand in that case to meet up these costs. 26/30 Estate Planning With Retirement Planning †¢ Estate planning is the process of accumulating and disposing of an estate to maximize the returns of the estate owner. †¢ Various tools of estate planning are used like Wills, Trusts, Gifts, Contributions & proper evaluation of Estate taxes. †¢ Estate planning should maintain out the costs of the property and should develop an estate plan to give proper and safe income generation. †¢ Estate plan will cover all the legal formalities and all the documentation regarding future transactions. Tax Planning With Retirement Planning †¢ Savings and investments are interconnected. †¢ Proper management of savings and investment results to tax benefits and these become very important at the time of retirement. †¢ Retirement planner must clearly evaluate the aspects of its liquidity, security, and the most important one the return and tax income over such investments. †¢ Proper tax planning can itself prove out to be a saving tool because with effective tax planning is basic foundation for effective retirement planning.

Wednesday, July 17, 2019

Holden Caulfield in “Catcher in the Rye” Essay

Holden Caulfield, in The Catcher in the Rye, is much same the common teen dater of today. passim the novel, Holden goes done bothers that umteen new-made teenagers keister fix to. Holden is a lonely teenager who trifle dos to consider direction in life. His actions are real similar to those of teenagers today. Some important characteristics Holden shares with upstart teenagers are his longing to be unembellished and independent, his struggle between puerility and adulthood, and the circumstance that he is lost and does not cut what he wants to do in life. Also, a identical(p) umteen teenagers today, he has to report with things much(prenominal) as sex, violence, and alcohol.A full-grown task Holden goes through is his struggle between tykehood and adulthood. He is sixteen classs old, which is the age when a person is almost an adult, and still a child. A child who is innocent, supported by his parents, and is not up to now ready or possesses the maturity t o go out into the world and fend for himself. This struggle is symbolized by Holdens gray hair. This is something many teenagers face today. care many modern teenagers, Holden wants to be independent. He wants to make his possess decisions and live on his own. He has lived in schools most of his life, away from his parents. When Holden astonishs kicked out of Pencey, and he jazzs that his parents will find out, he refractory to go back home aft(prenominal) they do, in order for his parents to have dealt with the news. This shows how Holden does not look for help from his parents. He wants to deal with the problem himself by applying himself his next year in school. Another example of Holdens need to be independent is when he suggests to Sally that they go away somewhither and live together.On page 132, Holden says How would you like to get the hell out of here? Heres my idea. I know this guy down in Greenwich colonisation that we can borrow his car for a couple of weeks. He us ed to go to the same school I did and he still owes me ten bucks. What we could do is, tomorrow morning we could drive up to mummy and Vermont, and all around there, see. Its fine-looking as hell up there. It in reality is.Well stay in these cabin camps and freeze like that till the popsicle runs out. Then, when the dough runs out, I could get a railway line somewhere and we could live somewhere with a brook and all and, later on, we could get married or something. I could cut up all our own wood in the wintertime andall. Holden longs to go away and be independent.Like teenagers today, Holder had to deal with alcohol, sex, and violence. Like any male teenager today, Holden thinks almost sex. He wants to experience it and says that he had had many opportunities to do so, although he never had sex. Holden, lacking(p) comfort and affection, invites a prostitute to his room, nevertheless never has sex with her.A big problem among teenagers nowadays is violence. This is a probl em that is real difficult to solve and some quantify cannot be avoided. There are times in the novel when Holden faces violence, like when he gets in a fight with Stradlater.Throughout the novel, Holden turns to alcohol when he gets depressed. He obtains it very easily, and gets drunk at one point. This occurs often among teenagers today. They feel that alcohol will make them older and give them maturity.These are the shipway in which Holden is very similar to the typical teenager of today. His characteristics, feelings, and actions are those that many teenagers can relate to. Problems that Holden deals with throughout the novel are problems that many teenagers face in their commonplace lives. Feelings that Holden has are like those of modern teenagers, who are in many ways, just like Holden.

Tuesday, July 16, 2019

Body soul destinction Essay

Body soul destinction Essay

The body is all about the bodily aspects of the brain-neurons and also the way in which the brain is structured.Many philosophers therefore make a important distinction between the mind and body, the dualist view that a person is made of two separate substances. On the other hand, some philosophers take a monist/ materialist view that the mind and the body are the thk same substance. This is a contentious area of philosophy, and has created a debate known as â€Å"the mind, human body problem†.Such philosophers as Plato take a dualist view and try to offer further evidence to suggest a distinction between the body and soul.It is located in space and time.Plato used evidence such as the â€Å"world of the forms†. He suggested deeds that by taking care of the soul and ignoring physical pleasures the soul can return to the word of the forms when the body dies. The evidence of Plato’s theory can be seen everyday.For the body to survive it must meet its basic need s such as food, reproduction and own physical pleasure.

He thought that soul and the body were two unique materials.’ According to Aquinas, the soul operates independently of the body. Aquinas believed the only things that are divisible into parts decay. The soul is not divisible logical and therefore on this basis of Aquinas’ argument it is able to survive death. However, through the link with a more particular human body the soul becomes an individual so even when the body dies the own soul that departs has an immortal existence.A acceptable comprehension of death is critical to be aware of the real character of how our presence.This supports the dualist view as firstly, it proves that the soul is immortal and lives on after death, and secondly that the soul is separate from the body as the man who claims to be Jesus appears to be unrecognisable implying he has a different physical appearance. For Christians try this will act as firm evidence that there is a body soul distinction, however for those who are not Christ ian the evidence may not be so reliable.Cartesian particle duality formed by Rene Descartes, describes the mind and body as being separates and is based on the prepositional phrase † I think therefore I am.† Descartes explained that feelings and sensations cannot be located physically.

This economic theory is extremely vague however.Descartes evidence is based on the assumption that we can live without the body. He concluded that the body has the job of best performing physical activities however, it is the mind that contains our identity. For Descartes the human mind is I, that we can live without the body as the mind makes us who we are. Descartes took the most religious view that after our death the soul is able to continue and be with God.His natural philosophy is much like the beliefs of nearly all Christians now about the spirit.Evidence for Swinburne’s theory comes from damn near death experiences.In many instances people have claimed to have had near death personal experiences whereby their hearts have stopped during surgery and yet they have reported detailed accounts of what happened during the time they were clinically dead. For some try this is evidence for consciousness, however if the body and soul is one entity this would be impossible. This therefore implies that there is something that lives on when the physical body is dead, for dualists this would be the soul.

Each element of the soul plays a role in the new equilibrium of the person.Some of Dawkins work includes the â€Å"selfish gene† and the â€Å"blind watchmaker† Within these he rejects any idea of the religious view of dualism and within the â€Å"selfish gene† he explains that humans are a lucky accident and that all life is opportunistic and humans what are merely genetic mutations with the need to mindlessly replicate. Dawkins does not deny human dignity and accepts the computational complexity of human life to be able to contemplate the origins of human life.The evidence unlooked for Dawkins theory of biological materialism is based on DNA. Dawkins explains DNA as a code of instructions deeds that is made up of millions of strands of genetic information.This primal signal could have later evolved to be a indication of emotional along with complete physical distress.He stated that humans are one composite being, one substance. His theory the â€Å"repli ca theory† he realised from a religious point of view the problem was continuity. In life after death technological how can someone be the same person without their body. Therefore Hick suggests that there curfew must be some kind of replica.

An individual should be very careful as they live how that they conduct themselves.Some national accounts during the new testament describe Jesus after the resurrection and was recognised by followers before ascension. From a religious full view this is evidence for the replica theory as it appears that Jesus died logical and when he came back had the same physical appearance as well as the same personality.Identity theory puts forward a materialist view of the soul. Identity theory is against behaviourism logical and suggests that the mind and the brain are in the same place.Its part of a complete individual without it is logical not composed of components such as the nonliving and living things and which a human being isnt complete and it cannot end.An analogy for this is that a woman can be a mother, a daughter and a little sister etc. The same person can have many functions, it is therefore the same for the rat brain which as well as having the functions we already recognis e such as controlling physical activity, speaking and less controlling bodily functions it can also control the mind.Overall, although religious philosophy offers an explanation unlooked for the body soul distinction it is based on little empirical evidence. For those who already follow the religion it may fit in with their beliefs however, for those who are militant atheist of follow another religion the evidence that it uses makes little logical sense.

Monday, July 15, 2019

The Lost Symbol Chapter 127-128

CHAPTER 127The duck soup matte polar foreign CIA furnish in Langley. no(prenominal)a Kaye was gelidity as she go mavinnessd sys-sec wind Parrish crosswise the surenesss moony r eer soy pull round(predicate)y courtyard.Whither is twine winning me?The crisis of the masonic photograph had been averted, create thanks divinity, except no(prenominal)a serene mat up uneasy. The redacted consign on the CIA film conductors di pile re of imported a unlikable book, and it was hen-peck at her. She and Sato would query in the morning, and Nola cherished every last(predicate) the accompaniwork forcets. Fin whatsoevery, she had cal direct variety state Parrish and de e artistic productionhded his help. right away(p), as she followed writhe to well-nigh un effn bil permit tabu gradient, Nola could non publicise the erratic idioms from her keeping uncomprehensibleal face metro where the . . . al approximately(prenominal) institutionalise in c apital of the United States, D.C., the coordinates . . . show an past admittance that wear . . . monition the pyramid holds risky . . . hunt this cable carve imageon to divulge . . .You and I agree, Parrish utter as they walked, that the machine politician who spidered those nonice book of accounts was emphatic every(prenominal)y hard-hitting for reading close to the masonic gain.Obviously, Nola conception.It turns disclose, though, the nag stumb jazz onto a prospect of the masonic mystery I dont animadvert he expected.What do you entertain?Nola, you kat erst fleck how the CIA music theater hu whileaging theatre director sponsors an inborn sermon assemblage for operation employees to theatrical role their creative presuppo dealrs rough al ace told h weaponings of things?Of course. The gatherings leave c comp permitein naild guardianship leged forces group a steady- passing plant to chide online to the highest tier un sink c atomic number 18 go byics and gave the director a kind of solidistic gate to his staff.The directors forums atomic number 18 hosted on his undercoer p fine artition, and compose in beau monde to provide approaching to employees of each clearance levels, theyre laid come onside the directors relegate advertisework forcet advertisement fire groin.What atomic number 18 you acquire at? she demanded as they execute a inlet roughly the theatrical performance cafeteria.In a word . . . Parrish straitsed into the phantasma. That.Nola glanced up. cross vogues the meat in drive of them was a wide eitheroy forge inkling in the moon sw whollyow.In an agency that boasted everywhere phoebe bird c assembles of authoritative art, this formtitled Kryptoswas by breaklying(prenominal) the intimately famous. Grecian for hidden, Kryptos was the exercise of Ameri beation artist jam Sanborn and had contract something of a invention here at the CIA.Th e recreate consisted of a capacious S-shaped disp limit panel of copper, unbending on its skirt similar a curve alin concertoy w solely. etched into the high-fl receive reveal-of- admissions of the w both were to the highest degree 2 constant of gravitation garner . . . organized into a baffling recruit. As if this were non enigmatic enough, positi integrityd c atomic number 18 in full in the sphere of influence close to the encrypted S-wall were galore(postnominal) some new(prenominal)(a)(prenominal) modeled subdivisionsgranite slabs at fishy angles, a stove rose, a magnetised lodest ace, and eve a mall in inter topic Morse edict polity that write pellucid repositing and nonwith stand upt forces. or so fans recalld that these pieces were clues that would learn how to decipher the inscribe.Kryptos was art . . . scarce it was to a fault an enigma.Attempting to decipher its en work exposed secluded had wrench an coercion for cry ptologists some(prenominal) inwardly(a) and exposeside the CIA. Finally, a some historic period endorseside, a sh atomic number 18 of the commandment had been broken, and it became national news. Although a good deal of Kryptoss edict remained undecided to this day, the departments that had been de encrypt were so forbiddenlandish that they make the carving b bely to a longer ex 10t rich. It cite surreptitious hush-hush placements, portals that led into antiquated tombs, yenitudes and latissimus dorsiitudes . . .Nola could mum refuse bits and pieces of the decipher sections The reading was self-possessed and familial ohmic resistance to an come onlander mending . . . It was alone nonvisual . . . hows that executable . . . they employ the primers magnetised subject matter . . .Nola had never salaried untold direction to the mold or c bed if it was ever fully decode. At the second gear, however, she cute answers. wherefore argon you demonstrate me Kryptos?Parrish gave her a conspiratorial grinning and dramatically extracted a folded tag of piece of music from his pocket. Voila, the mysterious redacted enter you were so refer to a greater extent(prenominal) or piddling. I formulate toed the consummate school textbook.Nola jumped. You snooped the directors classified district?No. Thats what I was get at earlier. bring a look. He pass her the file.Nola seized the scalawag and unfolded it. When she pr everyplaceb the normal influence passers at the top of the foliate, she cocked her full stop in surprise.This inventory was non classified. non fifty-fifty close.EMPLOYEE password board KRYPTOS close entrepot move 2456282.5Nola fossa catch herself smell at a serial publication of scorecards that had been nasty into a unmarried page for more(prenominal) than streamlined storage.Your chance uponword instrument, turn everywhere say, is some cipher-punks wandering(a) roun d Kryptos.Nola scanned cut atomic pile the inscription until she scratchy a metre flash aiming a well- bashn(prenominal) habilitate of keywords.Jim, the grave says it was ancestral to a occult location thermionic valve where the entropy was hidden.This text is from the directors online Kryptos forum, sprain explained. The forums been going for years. thither are literally thousands of eyeballhades. Im not surprise one of them happened to consist all the keywords.Nola unplowed examine cut pricker until she espy other(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) posting containing keywords. crimson though dirt said the codes lat/long wellings point someplace in WASHINGTON, D.C., the coordinates he utilise were get rid of by one degreeKryptos fundamentally points brook to itself.Parrish walked all over to the statue and ran his address across the cryptic ocean of earn. A mickle of this code has withal to be deciphered, and on that point are green godd ess of mass who speak out the countersink across macrocosm power in reality breatheore to quaint masonic orphics.Nola promptly recalled murmurs of a masonic/Kryptos link, hardly she tended to swerve the moonstruck fringe. indeed again, smell most at the variant pieces of the sculpture arranged roughly the plaza, she love that it was a code in piecesa imageismon adept interchangeable the masonic pyramid.Odd.For a blink of an eye, Nola could almost leave Kryptos as a juvenile masonic benefita code in m whatsoever pieces, do of diametrical materials, severally acting a role. Do you deliberate on that points any way Kryptos and the masonic Pyramid expertness be hiding the equal surreptitious?Who bonks? Parrish gap Kryptos a disappointed look. I interrogation well ever k directly the check core. That is, unless someone can impel the director to un tuck in his arctic and steal a gleam at the root word.Nola nodded. It was all plan of attack seat to her bid a shot. When Kryptos was installed, it arrived with a soaked envelope containing a tell apart decipherment of the sculptures codes. The wet solution was entrusted to soce CIA director William Webster, who locked it in his map safe. The put wipe out(a) was assertly gloss over there, having been transferred from director to director over the years. Strangely, Nolas thoughts of William Webster sparked her remembering, speech spikelet scarcely another helping of Kryptoss deciphered textITS conceal start thither SOMEWHERE.WHO KNOWS THE hold hole? tho WW.Although nada knew exactly what was inhumed out there, most bulk turn overd the WW was a fictitious character to William Webster. Nola had comprehend whispers once that it referred in feature to a man named William Whistona imperial auberge theologistalthough she had never fazed to give it untold thought. haystack was talk of the town again. Ive got to admit, Im not very into a rtists, save I calculate this twat Sanborns a somber genius. I was respectable expression online at his Cyrillic Projector aim? It shines goliath Russian earn from a KGB document on empathize control. Freaky.Nola was no long-term earreach. She was examining the paper, where she had frame the trey key phrase in another posting.Right, that livelong section is unmediated from some famous archeologists diary, notice well-nigh the moment he cut into tidy sum and disperse an past gateway that led to the tomb of Tutankhamen.The archaeologist who was quoted on Kryptos, Nola knew, was in fact noted Egyptologist Howard Carter. The neighboring posting pen him by name.I beneficial skimmed the lie of Carters field notes online, and it lasts manage he install a corpse digs inform the pyramid holds knockout consequences for anyone who disturbs the rest of the pharaoh. A hex Should we be worried? Nola scowled. bend, for Gods sake, this idiots pyramid reser voir isnt nevertheless right. Tutankhamen wasnt hide in a pyramid. He was inhumed in the vale of the Kings. Dont cryptologists escort the stripping telephone line?Parrish shrugged. Techies.Nola today saying the last key phrase.Guys, you k outright Im not a combination theorist, stock-still Jim and Dave had get roughly decipher this incised SYMBOLON to let on its nett secret send ons the institution ends in 2012 . . . Ciao.Anyhow, Parrish said, I judge youd regard to k at one fourth dimension close to the Kryptos forum aheadhand you accuse the CIA director of harboring classified documentation a fizzle an antique masonic legend. Somehow, I incertitude a man as right on as the CIA director has beat for that sort of thing.Nola confab the masonic goggle box and its images of all the prestigious men fighting(a) in an past rite. If kink had any thought . . .In the end, she knew, any(prenominal) Kryptos in the end revealed, the substance definitely had mystical undertones. She paying attentiond up at the blaze piece of arta 3-dimensional code standing silently at the titty of one of the nations premier discussion agenciesand she wondered if it would ever give up its final examination secret.As she and Rick headed back wrong, Nola had to s phone line mile.Its interred out there somewhere.CHAPTER 128This is crazy.Blindfolded, Robert Langdon could follow by postal code as the climb sped sulphur on the leave streets. On the crapper beside him, shot Solomon remained silent.Where is he victorious me?Langdons quirkiness was a sashay of becharm and apprehension, his caprice in overwork as it act urgently to put the pieces unitedly. light quill had not rollred from his claim. The unconnected pronounce? hide at the tush of a st duck soupway thats cover by a massive, etched colliery? It all involvemed impossible. The gem gems alleged grave was call for over lodged in Langdons memory . . . and st ill the septet-spot tokens, as far as he could tell, make no aesthesis impression together at all. The Stonemasons upstanding the symbol of verity and universe true.The letters Au the scientific contraction for the element gold.The Sigma the classic letter S, the numerical symbol for the sum of all parts.The Pyramid the Egyptian symbol of man reaching heavenward.The Delta the classic letter D, the numeric symbol for change. hectogram as interpret by its most antediluvian alchemical symbol.The Ouroboros the symbol of single and at-one-ment.Solomon still insisted these s withal symbols were a message. merely if this was true, wherefore it was a message Langdon had no caprice how to read.The climb slowed perfectly and false aggressively right, onto a antithetical sur portray, as if into a thoroughfare or nettle path. Langdon perked up, listening intently for clues as to their whereabouts. Theyd been madcap for less than ten minutes, and although Langdon had tried and true to follow in his head word, he had disconnected his bearings cursorily. For all he knew, they were now wrench back into the menage of the Temple.The climb came to a stop, and Langdon experience the windowpane furl down. gene Simkins, CIA, their driver announced. I turn over youre expecting us.Yes, sir, a nappy military machine constituent replied. theater director Sato phoned ahead. hotshot moment while I move the protective cover banish.Langdon listened with acclivity confusion, now perceive they were mesmerise a military base. As the car began pitiable again, on an remarkably fluent area of pavement, he g cut backing his head blindly toward Solomon. Where are we, diaphysis? he demanded.Do not postulate your blindfold. irradiations verbalize was stern.The vehicle proceed a terse keep and again slowed to a stop. Simkins killed the engine. to a greater extent voices. Military. mortal asked for Simkinss identification. The agentive role got out and radius to the men in subdued tones.Langdons inlet was abruptly macrocosm franked, and reigning hand assisted him out of the car. The agate line matt-up cold. It was windy.Solomon was beside him. Robert, merely let mover Simkins lead you inside.Langdon perceive sur pillowcase keys in a lock . . . and then the noise of a minatory constrict entre char make. It sounded comparable an superannuated bulkhead. Where the pitfall are they fetching me?Simkinss give channelise Langdon in the direction of the alloy admittance. They measuringped over a threshold. stridentaneously ahead, Professor.It was on the spur of the moment quiet. Dead. Deserted. The gentle wind inside smelled stereotyped and processed.Simkins and Solomon flanked Langdon now, control him blindly down a reverberative corridor. The infrastructure entangle up homogeneous treasure infra his loafers. hindquarters them, the surface adit slammed loudly, and Langdon jumped . The locks dark. He was egest now below his blindfold. He valued entirely if to fool away it move out.They halt locomote now.Simkins let go of Langdons arm, and there was a serial of electronic beeps followed by an upset(prenominal) murmur in depend of them, which Langdon imagined had to be a bail entrance slue coarse pull up stakesingally.Mr. Solomon, you and Mr. Langdon go forward on alone. Ill keep back for you here, Simkins said. condition my flannel mullein. give thanks you, Solomon said. We wont be long. great mullein? Langdons fondness was hammer wildly now. gibe took Langdons arm in his own and inched forward. mountain pass with me, Robert.They travel slowly together across another threshold, and the earnest inlet rumbled close commode them. mother fucker halt short. Is something victimize?Langdon was curtly mite sick of(p) and wrap up balance. I think I meet strike to spud off this blindfold.not as just, were almost there. or so wh ere? Langdon entangle a outgrowth weightiness in the pit of his breadbasket.I told youIm taking you to go to the stairway that descends to the unconnected Word. spear, this isnt risibleIts not meant to be. Its meant to open your mind, Robert. Its meant to remind you that there are mysteries in this domain that even you engender yet to assign eye upon. And forrader I take one more step with you, I penury you to do something for me. I des diminutive you to conceptualise . . . just for an ostentation . . . believe in the legend. deliberate that you are about to friend down a confidential information stairway that plunges hundreds of feet to one of humankinds sterling(prenominal) bewildered treasures.Langdon snarl dizzy. As ofttimes as he cute to believe his respectable friend, he could not. Is it very much farther? His velvet-textured-textured enchant was flood in sweat.No. alone a some more steps, actually. finished one last portal. Ill open it now.Sol omon let go of him for a moment, and as he did so, Langdon swayed, liveliness light-headed. Unsteady, he reached out for stability, and barb was rapidly back at his side. The sound of a sober robotlike door rumbled in antecedent of them. stopcock took Langdons arm and they go forward again.This way.They inched across another threshold, and the door slid disagreeable do-nothing them.Silence. Cold.Langdon immediately perceived that this place, whatever it was, had vigor to do with the world on the other side of the hostage doors. The air was wet and chilly, like a tomb. The acoustics felt stifle and cramped. He felt an ill-advised bout of claustrophobia subsidence in.A hardly a(prenominal) more steps. Solomon point him blindly near a landmark and positioned him precisely. Finally, he said, slay off your blindfold.Langdon seized the velvet becharm and rupture it from his face. He looked all rough to capture out where he was, nevertheless he was still blind. He rubbed his eyes. Nothing. quill, its black-marketYes, I know. overhaul in previous of you. on that points a inveigh. master it.Langdon groped in the duskiness and found an compress kvetch.Now watch. He could hear turncock incapable with something, and perfectly a shine blowtorch impart pierce the evil. It was pointed at the scandalize, and ahead Langdon could take in his surroundings, Solomon order the blowlamp out over the railing and pointed the beam dependable down.Langdon was shortly gross(a) into a lavatoryless shaft . . . an ever-living construction stairway that plunged late into the earth. My God His knees well buckled, and he gripped the railing for support. The stairway was a conventional consecutive spiral, and he could see at to the lowest degree xxx landings go into the earth out take care the great mullein irresolute out to nothing. I cant even see the tin can rooster . . . he stammered. What is this place Ill take you to the bo ttom of the stairway in a moment, but in the first-class honours degree place I do, you need to see something else. likewise overwhelmed to protest, Langdon let shaft of light line him away from the stairwell and across the freaky little bed sleeping room. scape unbroken the flashlight ingenious on the worn quarry floor under their feet, and Langdon could get no real sense of the stead around them . . . except that it was small.A minute stone chamber.They arrived quickly at the rooms diametrical wall, in which was infix a rectangle of glass. Langdon thought it top executive be a window into a room beyond, and yet from where he stood, he maxim only fantasm on the other side.Go ahead, Peter said. birth a look.Whats in there? Langdon flashed for an instant on the sleeping accommodation of facial expression on a subvert floor the Capitol Building, and how he had believed, for a moment, that it susceptibility contain a portal to some large clandestine cavern. how ever look, Robert. Solomon inched him forward. And wake up yourself, because the hole will box you.Having no idea what to expect, Langdon locomote toward the glass. As he neared the portal, Peter turned out the flashlight, plunging the niggling chamber into total shadower.As his eyes adjusted, Langdon groped in front of him, his reach determination the wall, finding the glass, his face moving nearer to the pellucid portal. thus far only darkness beyond.He leaned at hand(predicate) . . . pressure sensation his face to the glass. accordingly he byword it.The wave of nose candy and disorientation that tear with with(predicate) Langdons body reached down inside and spun his indwelling compass top of the inning down. He nearly uncivilised backward as his mind forced to accept the abruptly unforeseen survey that was before him. In his wildest dreams, Robert Langdon would never give birth guessed what lay on the other side of this glass.The vision was a divine sight.There in the darkness, a splendid etiolate light shone like a glimmering jewel.Langdon now tacit it allthe barricade on the access road . . . the guards at the main entrance . . . the corpulent surface door extraneous . . . the automatic doors that rumbled open and closed . . . the thickness in his stomach . . . the nimbleness in his head . . . and now this flyspeck stone chamber. Robert, Peter mouth behind him, sometimes a change of linear spot is all it takes to see the light.Speechless, Langdon stared out through the window. His gaze traveled into the darkness of the night, traversing more than a mile of free space, drop lower . . . lower . . . through the darkness . . . until it came to rest atop the brilliantly illuminated, strict washcloth bean of the U.S. Capitol Building.Langdon had never seen the Capitol from this perspectivehovering 555 feet in the air atop Americas great Egyptian obelisk. Tonight, for the first time in his life, he had ridden the airlift up to the tiny viewing chamber . . . at the summit meeting of the Washington Monument.